BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 4, 271 - 280, 01.12.2011

Öz

The transesterification of palm oil to methyl ester was investigated on a KOH/NaY catalyst using a packed-bed reactor. The KOH/NaY was characterized by using XRD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, SEM with EDS, CO2-TPD, and XRF. It was found that the KOH/NaY created strong basic sites, and the agglomeration was greatly increased by increasing the potassium content. The 15 wt % K/NaY exhibited good activity and the yield of FAME reached 92.18 % at 60 °C for 7 h. Additionally, the reusability of the catalyst was tested in order to observe deactivation of the catalyst from potassium leaching.

Kaynakça

  • A. Demirbas, “Progress and recent trends in biofuels”, Prog. Energy. Combus.t Sci., vol. 33, pp. 1–18,2007.
  • [2] L. Cui, G. Xiao, B. Xu, G. Teng, “Transesterification of cottonseed oil to biodiesel by using heterogeneous solid basic catalysts”, Energ. Fuel, vol. 21, pp. 3740– 3743, 2007.
  • W. Xie, H. Peng, L. Chen, “Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by potassium loaded on alumina as a solid-base catalyst”, Appl. Catal. A:Gen., vol. 300, pp. 67–74, 2006.
  • W. Xie, H. Li, ”Alumina-supported potassium iodide as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil”, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., vol. 255, pp. 1–9, 2006.
  • G. Arzamendi, I. Campo, E. Arguinarena, M. Sanchez, M. Montes, L.M. Gandia, “Synthesis of biodiesel with heterogeneous NaOH/alumina catalysts: Comparison with homogeneous NaOH”, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 134, pp. 123–130, 2007.
  • X. Li, G. Lu, Y. Guo, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Wang, “A novel solid superbase of Eu2O3/Al2O3 and its catalytic performance for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel”, Catal. Commun., vol. 8, pp.1969–1972, 2007.
  • H.J. Kim, B.S. Kang, M.J. Kim, Y.M. Park, D.K. Kim, J.S. Lee, K.Y. Lee, “Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalyst”, Catal. Today, vol. 93–95, pp. 315–320, 2004.
  • G.J. Suppes, M.A. Dasari, E.J. Doskocil, P.J. Mankidy, M.J. Goff, “Transesterification of soybean oil with zeolite and metal catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A:Gen., vol. 257, pp. 213–23, 2004.
  • W. Xie, X. Huang, H. Li, “Soybean oil methyl esters preparation using NaX zeolites loaded with KOH as a heterogeneous catalyst”, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 98, pp. 936–939, 2007.
  • D.M. Alonso, R. Mariscal, R. Moreno-Tost, M.D.Z. Poves, M.L. Granados, “Potassium leaching during triglyceride transesterification using K/ -Al2O3 catalysts”, Catal. Commun., vol. 8, pp. 2080–2086, 2007.
  • C.S. MacLeoda, A.P. Harvey, A.F. Lee, K. Wilson, “Evaluation of the activity and stability of alkali-doped metal oxide catalysts for application to an intensified method of biodiesel production”, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 135, pp. 63–70, 2008.
  • K. Noiroj, P. Intarapong, A. Luengnaruemitchai, S. Jai- In, “A comparative study of KOH/Al2O3 and KOH/NaY catalysts for biodiesel production via transesterification from palm oil”, Renew. Energy, vol. 34, pp. 1145–1150, 2009.
  • D. Barthomeuf, “Acidity and Basicity in zeolites”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., vol. 65, pp. 157–169, 1991.
  • Y. Wang, W.Y. Huang, Y. Chun, J.R. Xia, J.H. Zhu, “Dispersion of potassium nitrate and the resulting strong basicity on zirconia”, Chem. Mater., vol. 13, pp. 670– 6777, 2001.
  • J. Zhu, Y. Chun, Y. Wang, Q. Xu, “Attempts to create new shape-selective solid strong base catalysts”, Catal. Today, vol. 51, pp. 103–11, 1999.
  • G. Madhavi, S.J. Kulkarni, K.V.V.S.B.S.R. Murthy, V. Viswanathan, K.V. Raghavan, “Side-chain alkylation of 4-picoline with formaldehyde over alkali-modified zeolites”, Appl. Catal. A:Gen., vol. 246, pp. 265–282, 2003.
  • F. Yagi, N. Kanuka, H. Tsuji, H. Kita, H. Hattori, ”Preparation of basic zeolite”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., vol. 90, pp. 349–354, 1994.
  • Choudhary, S.A.R. Mulla, B.S. Uphade, ”A novel method for measuring base strength distribution on basic solid catalysts under operating conditions”, Fuel, vol. 78, pp. 427–437, 1999.
  • S. Ku , M. Otremba, A. Tórz, M. Taniewski, ”Further evidence of responsibility of impurities in MgO for variability in its basicity and catalytic performance in oxidative coupling of methane”, Fuel, vol. 81, pp. 1755– 1760, 2002.
  • Istadi, N.A.S. Amin, “Synergistic effect of catalyst basicity and reducibility on performance of ternary CeO2-based catalyst for CO2 OCM to C2 hydrocarbons”, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., vol. 259, pp. 61–66, 2006.
  • M.D. Serio, M. Ledda, M. Cozzolino, G. Minutillo, R. Tesser, E. Santacesaria, “Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by using heterogeneous basic catalysts”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 45, pp. 3009–3014, 2006.
  • M. Brazlauskas, S. Kitrys, “Synthesis and properties of CuO/Zeolite sandwich type adsorbent-catalysts”, Chin. J. Catal., vol. 29, pp. 25–30, 2008.
  • H. Imahara, E. Minami, S. Hari, S. Saka, “Thermal stability of biodiesel fuel as prepared by supercritical methanol process”, 2nd Joint International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE 2006), Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 21–23, November 2006.
  • G. Li, S.C. Larsen, V.H. Grassian, “An FT-IR study of NO2 reduction in nanocrystalline NaY zeolite: Effect of zeolite crystal size and adsorbed water”, Catal. Letters, vol. 103, pp. 1–2, 2005.
Yıl 2011, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 4, 271 - 280, 01.12.2011

Öz

Kaynakça

  • A. Demirbas, “Progress and recent trends in biofuels”, Prog. Energy. Combus.t Sci., vol. 33, pp. 1–18,2007.
  • [2] L. Cui, G. Xiao, B. Xu, G. Teng, “Transesterification of cottonseed oil to biodiesel by using heterogeneous solid basic catalysts”, Energ. Fuel, vol. 21, pp. 3740– 3743, 2007.
  • W. Xie, H. Peng, L. Chen, “Transesterification of soybean oil catalyzed by potassium loaded on alumina as a solid-base catalyst”, Appl. Catal. A:Gen., vol. 300, pp. 67–74, 2006.
  • W. Xie, H. Li, ”Alumina-supported potassium iodide as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil”, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., vol. 255, pp. 1–9, 2006.
  • G. Arzamendi, I. Campo, E. Arguinarena, M. Sanchez, M. Montes, L.M. Gandia, “Synthesis of biodiesel with heterogeneous NaOH/alumina catalysts: Comparison with homogeneous NaOH”, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 134, pp. 123–130, 2007.
  • X. Li, G. Lu, Y. Guo, Y. Guo, Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Wang, “A novel solid superbase of Eu2O3/Al2O3 and its catalytic performance for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel”, Catal. Commun., vol. 8, pp.1969–1972, 2007.
  • H.J. Kim, B.S. Kang, M.J. Kim, Y.M. Park, D.K. Kim, J.S. Lee, K.Y. Lee, “Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalyst”, Catal. Today, vol. 93–95, pp. 315–320, 2004.
  • G.J. Suppes, M.A. Dasari, E.J. Doskocil, P.J. Mankidy, M.J. Goff, “Transesterification of soybean oil with zeolite and metal catalysts”, Appl. Catal. A:Gen., vol. 257, pp. 213–23, 2004.
  • W. Xie, X. Huang, H. Li, “Soybean oil methyl esters preparation using NaX zeolites loaded with KOH as a heterogeneous catalyst”, Bioresour. Technol., vol. 98, pp. 936–939, 2007.
  • D.M. Alonso, R. Mariscal, R. Moreno-Tost, M.D.Z. Poves, M.L. Granados, “Potassium leaching during triglyceride transesterification using K/ -Al2O3 catalysts”, Catal. Commun., vol. 8, pp. 2080–2086, 2007.
  • C.S. MacLeoda, A.P. Harvey, A.F. Lee, K. Wilson, “Evaluation of the activity and stability of alkali-doped metal oxide catalysts for application to an intensified method of biodiesel production”, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 135, pp. 63–70, 2008.
  • K. Noiroj, P. Intarapong, A. Luengnaruemitchai, S. Jai- In, “A comparative study of KOH/Al2O3 and KOH/NaY catalysts for biodiesel production via transesterification from palm oil”, Renew. Energy, vol. 34, pp. 1145–1150, 2009.
  • D. Barthomeuf, “Acidity and Basicity in zeolites”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., vol. 65, pp. 157–169, 1991.
  • Y. Wang, W.Y. Huang, Y. Chun, J.R. Xia, J.H. Zhu, “Dispersion of potassium nitrate and the resulting strong basicity on zirconia”, Chem. Mater., vol. 13, pp. 670– 6777, 2001.
  • J. Zhu, Y. Chun, Y. Wang, Q. Xu, “Attempts to create new shape-selective solid strong base catalysts”, Catal. Today, vol. 51, pp. 103–11, 1999.
  • G. Madhavi, S.J. Kulkarni, K.V.V.S.B.S.R. Murthy, V. Viswanathan, K.V. Raghavan, “Side-chain alkylation of 4-picoline with formaldehyde over alkali-modified zeolites”, Appl. Catal. A:Gen., vol. 246, pp. 265–282, 2003.
  • F. Yagi, N. Kanuka, H. Tsuji, H. Kita, H. Hattori, ”Preparation of basic zeolite”, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., vol. 90, pp. 349–354, 1994.
  • Choudhary, S.A.R. Mulla, B.S. Uphade, ”A novel method for measuring base strength distribution on basic solid catalysts under operating conditions”, Fuel, vol. 78, pp. 427–437, 1999.
  • S. Ku , M. Otremba, A. Tórz, M. Taniewski, ”Further evidence of responsibility of impurities in MgO for variability in its basicity and catalytic performance in oxidative coupling of methane”, Fuel, vol. 81, pp. 1755– 1760, 2002.
  • Istadi, N.A.S. Amin, “Synergistic effect of catalyst basicity and reducibility on performance of ternary CeO2-based catalyst for CO2 OCM to C2 hydrocarbons”, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., vol. 259, pp. 61–66, 2006.
  • M.D. Serio, M. Ledda, M. Cozzolino, G. Minutillo, R. Tesser, E. Santacesaria, “Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by using heterogeneous basic catalysts”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 45, pp. 3009–3014, 2006.
  • M. Brazlauskas, S. Kitrys, “Synthesis and properties of CuO/Zeolite sandwich type adsorbent-catalysts”, Chin. J. Catal., vol. 29, pp. 25–30, 2008.
  • H. Imahara, E. Minami, S. Hari, S. Saka, “Thermal stability of biodiesel fuel as prepared by supercritical methanol process”, 2nd Joint International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE 2006), Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 21–23, November 2006.
  • G. Li, S.C. Larsen, V.H. Grassian, “An FT-IR study of NO2 reduction in nanocrystalline NaY zeolite: Effect of zeolite crystal size and adsorbed water”, Catal. Letters, vol. 103, pp. 1–2, 2005.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Pisitpong Intarapong Bu kişi benim

Apanee Luengnaruemitchai Bu kişi benim

Samai Jai-ın Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Intarapong, P., Luengnaruemitchai, A., & Jai-ın, S. (2011). Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, 1(4), 271-280.
AMA Intarapong P, Luengnaruemitchai A, Jai-ın S. Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. Aralık 2011;1(4):271-280.
Chicago Intarapong, Pisitpong, Apanee Luengnaruemitchai, ve Samai Jai-ın. “Transesterification of Palm Oil over KOH/NaY Zeolite in a Packed-Bed Reactor”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 1, sy. 4 (Aralık 2011): 271-80.
EndNote Intarapong P, Luengnaruemitchai A, Jai-ın S (01 Aralık 2011) Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 1 4 271–280.
IEEE P. Intarapong, A. Luengnaruemitchai, ve S. Jai-ın, “Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor”, International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, c. 1, sy. 4, ss. 271–280, 2011.
ISNAD Intarapong, Pisitpong vd. “Transesterification of Palm Oil over KOH/NaY Zeolite in a Packed-Bed Reactor”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research 1/4 (Aralık 2011), 271-280.
JAMA Intarapong P, Luengnaruemitchai A, Jai-ın S. Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2011;1:271–280.
MLA Intarapong, Pisitpong vd. “Transesterification of Palm Oil over KOH/NaY Zeolite in a Packed-Bed Reactor”. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research, c. 1, sy. 4, 2011, ss. 271-80.
Vancouver Intarapong P, Luengnaruemitchai A, Jai-ın S. Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor. International Journal Of Renewable Energy Research. 2011;1(4):271-80.