TAŞIN HAFIZASI: PUGLIA BÖLGESİNDE TRULLI MİMARİSİNİN YAPIM TEKNİĞİ, SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK VE KÜLTÜREL KİMLİĞİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, Güney İtalya'nın Puglia bölgesine özgü bir vernaküler mimari örneği olan Trulli yapılarını incelemektedir. Trulliler'in harçsız kuru taş tekniğiyle inşa edilen konik çatılı yapılar olarak tanımlanan fiziksel özelliklerinin yanı sıra; toplumsal yapı, üretim ilişkileri, canlılarla ortak yaşam biçimleri ve yerel terminoloji üzerinden kültürel bağlamı da ele alınmıştır. Trulli evlerinin esnek modüler planlaması, aile yaşamının ve kırsal üretim faaliyetlerinin mimariye yansımış halidir. İnsanlar ve evcil hayvanların birlikte yaşamasına olanak tanıyan bu yapıların mikroiklimsel avantajları da mimari sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemli bir özellik sunmaktadır. Ayrıca kullanılmayan Trulliler'in zamanla yabani canlılar için habitat haline gelmesi, bu yapıların ekolojik sistemlerle kurduğu çok türlü ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, terminoloji ve yerel söz varlığı üzerinden Trulliler'in yalnızca bir yapı formu değil, aynı zamanda kültürel bir bilgi birikiminin taşıyıcısı olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. UNESCO'nun koruma altına aldığı bu yapıların, restorasyonun ötesinde yaşayan kültür varlıkları olarak ele alınması gerektiği ifade edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• vernaküler mimarlık
• Trulli
• kuru taş yapım

THE MEMORY OF STONE: CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, SUSTAINABILITY, AND CULTURAL IDENTITY IN TRULLI ARCHITECTURE IN THE PUGLIA REGION

Öz

This study examines the traditional Trulli houses of Puglia as a multidimensional architectural heritage integrating construction techniques, spatial practices, cultural continuity, and ecological adaptability. Built entirely using the dry stone masonry method without mortar, Trulli structures represent a unique typology within the Mediterranean vernacular architecture tradition. Their selfsupporting conical roofs, modular spatial compositions, and the use of local limestone reflect an intimate knowledge of place and material culture. Beyond technical aspects, Trulli houses embody social dynamics such as extended family life, humananimal cohabitation, and seasonal agricultural cycles. The study highlights how architectural forms respond to both environmental constraints and communal needs. Moreover, the reuse of abandoned Trulli by wildlife illustrates a significant dialogue between built environments and nature, contributing to a broader understanding of sustainable design. The terminology specific to Trulli architecture—terms such as trullaro, candela, and chiancarelle—provides insight into the transmission of local knowledge and craft traditions. These linguistic elements, embedded in daily use, underscore the interplay between language, identity, and architecture. In conclusion, Trulli houses are not merely physical structures but are cultural landscapes in themselves. They stand as dynamic manifestations of collective memory, adaptive reuse, and placebased living. As this research suggests, Trulli architecture should not only be preserved through structural restoration but also through safeguarding the intangible heritage it encapsulates. The findings contribute to the fields of vernacular studies, sustainable building practices, and architectural anthropology, positioning Trulli as exemplary models of resilient, culturally embedded design.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Trulli
• vernacular architecture
• drystone construction
• cultural landscape
• trullaro
• sustainability

Kaynakça

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