COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSNATIONALISM BETWEEN GHANA AND PHILIPPINES

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 161 - 176, 27.06.2020

Zariatu Ibrahim Charisse Vitto

Öz

With the advancement in information and communication technology, and transportation, international migration has taken a new form making it possible for immigrants to live in more than one country at the same time. Drawing from studies on transnationalism in Ghana and Philippines this paper analyzed the dif-ferences and similarities of transnational migrants and their families among Gha-naians and Filipinos. We focused on four main areas including the historical trends of transnationalism among the two countries, the transnational communi-cation practices, the impact of transnational migration on the families left behind, and the assimilation methods adopted by these immigrants in their destination country. The analysis revealed much closeness in these areas among the two countries with difference showing in the way they assimilate into their new soci-ety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

transnationalism, Ghana, Philippines, transmigrants, migration

Kaynakça

• Alba, R. D., & Nee V. (2003). Remaking the American Mainstream: As-similation and the New Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Anarfi, J. K. (1982). International Labor Migration in West Africa: A Case Study of the Ghanaian Migrants in Lagos, Nigeria. Accra: Regional Insti-tute for Population Studies; Legon: University of Ghana.
• Anarfi, J. K., K. Awusabo-Asare, et al. 2000. ‘Push and Pull Factors of International Migration. Country report: Ghana. Eurostat Working Papers 2000/E(10).
• Anarfi, J., Kwankye , S., Ababio, O. M., & Tiemoko, R. (2003). Migration from and to Ghana: A Background Paper. Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalization and Poverty. University of Sussex: ResearchGate.
• Anisef, P., & Lanphier, M. (eds.), (2003). The world in a city.Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
• Asis, M. M. B. (2006). “Living with Migration: Experiences of Left-Behind Children in the Philippines.” Asian Population Studies 2 (1): 45–67.
• Black, R., R. Tiemoko, et al. 2003. International migration, remittances and poverty: the case of Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Sussex Centre for Migration Research, University of Sussex.
• Brown, S.K & Bean, F.D. (2006) Assimilation Models, Old and New: Explaining a Long-Term Process, Irvine: University of California Press.
• Bruijn, B. J., T. Schampers, J. D. Speckmann, & Zijleman E. (1992). “La-bour Migration, Household Structure and their Impact on the Well-Being of Children.” In Labour Migration to the Middle East: From Sri Lanka to the Gulf, edited by J. D. Speckmann, 159–182. London: Kegan Paul International.
• Coe, Cati (2011). What is the Impact of Transnational Migration on Fami-ly Life? Women's Comparisons of Internal and International Migration in a Small Town in Ghana. American Ethnologist 38(1), 148-163. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3348N1R
• Caguioa, R. & Lomboy O. (2014). Understanding How Overseas Work-ers Engage on National Issues in Pinoy OFW Facebook Page. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences. 155, 417-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.315.
• Cohen, R. (2007) ‘Creolization’, in G. Ritzer (ed.) The Blackwell Ency-clopedia of Sociology, Malden: Blackwell Publishers.
• Bryceson, D., & Vuorela. U. (2002). Transnational families in the twenty-first century. The transnational family: New European frontiers and global net-works. Oxford: Berg.
• Gamburd, M. R. (2000.) The Kitchen Spoon’s Handle: Transnationalism and Sri Lanka’s Migrant Housemaids. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
• Graham, E., Jordan, L. P., Yeoh, B. S. A., Lam, T., Asis, M., & Su-kamdi. (2012). Transnational families and the family nexus: perspectives of In-donesian and Filipino children left behind by migrant parent(s). Environment & Planning A, 44(4), 10.1068/a4445. http://doi.org/10.1068/a4445.
• Firang, D. Y. (2011). Transnationa Activities and Their Impact on Achieving a Successful Housing Career in Canada: The Case of Ghanaian Immigrants in Toronto. Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto.
• Hoang, L., Lam, T., Yeoh, B. S. A & Graham, E. (2015) Transnational migration, changing care arrangements and left-behind children's responses in South-east Asia. Children's Geographies, 13:3, 263-277, doi: 10.1080/14733285 .2015.972653.
• Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I. & Kelly, K. (2003) New Me-dia: A Critical Introduction, Routledge, London and New York.
• Lorente, B.P., Piper N., Hsiu Hua S., & Yeoh, B.S.A. (2005). Asian Mi-grations: Sojourning, Displacement, Homecoming and Other Travels. Asia Re-search Institute, National University of Singapore.
• Mazzucato, V., Tari, V., Veale, A., White, A., Grassi, M., & Vivet, J. (2015). International Parental Immigration and the Psychological well-being of Children in Ghana, Nigeria and Angola. Social Sciences & Medicine, 132, 215-224. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.058
• Morley, D. (2000). Home Territories: Media, Mobility, and Identity, Routledge, London and New York.
• Nuro, E. A. 1999. Brain Drain from Ghana: Case of University Lecturers. Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Cape Coast.
• Parrenas, R. S. (2003) Servants of Globalization: Women, Migration, and Domestic Work, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon City, Philippines
• Ochoa, R. (2011). Facebook as a tool in relationship maintenance between Overseas Filipino Workers and their families. College, Laguna: College of De-velopment Communication, University of the Phlippines Los Banos.