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FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 69 - 92, 30.06.2023

Öz

Traditional geopolitics from the theories of Frederich Ratzel, Haushofer, Mackinder and Mahan and Spykman to the theories of Cohen and Lacoste, and finally to critical and postmodern geopolitics have their own interpretations and goals based on world views and opinions. Feminism as a critical discourse of geopolitics has a continuing series of privileged relationships with progressive political movements that emerged in the 1960s. Feminist geopolitics while constructing on critical geopolitics, it reconstructs political opportunities by identifying gaps in dominant geopolitical texts. It should be highlighted that it provides new ways to theorize and apply the connections between space and politics. It is to reform the ways in which knowledge is produced and the epistemological methods derived from cognition. By use of descriptiveanalytical approach and libraryinternet resources, the study focuses on the emergence of critical geopolitics. After that the definition of geopolitics, and then feminism will be discussed and analyzed in the place of feminist geopolitics in critical geopolitics.

Kaynakça

  • Afzali, R. & Amiri, A. (2011). A Study of Epistemological and Methodo-logical Foundations for Post-modern Theories in Political Geography and Geo-politics. Human Geography Research, 43(3), p.p.39-60.
  • Agnew, J. (1998). Geopolitics Re-Visioning World Politics. London: Routledge.
  • Ahmadipour, Z. & Badiei, M. (2002). Critical Geopolitics. Modarres Hu-man Sciences, 6(4), p.p.1-10.
  • Ahmadi, S.A. (2017). The Theoretical Explanation of the Nature of the Ge-opolitical Regions in Competition of the Powers. International Quarterly Of Ge-opolitics, 13(47), p.p.55-78.
  • Bachmann, V. & Toal, G. (2019). Geopolitics-Thick and Complex. A Con-versation with Gerard Toal. Erdkunde, 73(2), p.p.143-155.
  • Bowlby, S. R. & Tivers, J. (2009). Feminist geography, prehistory of. Kitchen, R. and Thrift, N. (Eds). The International Encyclopedia of Human Ge-ography. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Chapman, B. (2011). Geopolitics: A Guide to the Issues. Santa Barbara: Praeger.
  • Cohen, S. B. (2015). Geopolitics: The Geography of International Rela-tions. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Costachie, S. (2011). German School of Geopolitics: Evolution, Ideas, Pro-spects. Revista Română de Geografie Politică, XIII(2), p.p.264-276.
  • Dahlman, C.T. (2009). ‘Geopolitics’. Carolyn Gallaher, Carl T. Dahlman, Mary Gilmartin, Alison Mountz & Peter Shirlow. (Ed.). Key Concepts in Politi-cal Geography, London: SAGE Publications.
  • Dalby, S. (1996). Writing Critical Geopolitics: Campbell, Ó Tuathail, Reynolds and Dissident Skepticism. Political Geography, 15(6-7), p.p.655-660.
  • Dávalos Jaramillo, V. (2018). Feminist Methodology in International Rela-tions: an ongoing Story, Ph.D. Thesis San Francisco De Quito Usfq University, College of Social Sciences and Humanities.
  • Dittmer, J. & Boss, D. (2019). Popular Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Dixon, D. P. & Marston, S. A. (2011). Introduction: Feminist Engagements with Geopolitics. Gender, Place & Culture, 18(4), p.p.445-453.
  • Dodds, K, et al. (2013). ‘Introduction: Geopolitics and Its Critics’, Klaus Dodds, Merje Kuus, Joanne Sharp. (Ed.). The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics, UK, Ashgate.
  • Dodds, K. (2004). Global Geopolitics: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Dodds, K. (2007). Geopolitics: A Very Short Introduction. New York, Ox-ford University Press.
  • Dowler, L. & Sharp, J. (2001). A Feminist Geopolitics?. Space and Polity, 5(3), p.p.165-176.
  • Ekinsmyth, C. (2002). Feminist cultural geography, Pamela Amela Shur-mer-Smith. (Ed.). Doing Cultural Geography, London: SAGE Publications.
  • Flint, C. (2006). Introduction to Geopolitics. New York: Routledge.
  • Foster, R. et al. (2017). Towards a Geopolitics of Atheism: Critical Geo-politics Post the ‘War on Terror’. Political Geography, 60, p.p.179-189.
  • Gallaher, C. (2009). Introduction. Carolyn Gallaher. Carl T. Dahlman, Mary Gilmartin, Alison Mountz and Peter Shirlow. (Ed.). Key Concepts in Polit-ical Geography. London: SAGE Publications.
  • Gilmartin, M. & Kofman, E. (2005). Critically Feminist Geopolitics. Lynn A. Staeheli, Eleonore Kofman, Linda J. Peake. (Ed.). Mapping Women, Making Politics Feminist Perspectives on Political Geography. London: Routledge.
  • Hoffman, J. (2001). Gender and Sovereignty Feminism, the State and In-ternational Relations. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hyndman, J. (2001). Towards a Feminist Geopolitics. The Canadian Ge-ographer, 45(2), p.p.210-222.
  • Hyndman, J. (2005). Feminist Geopolitics and September 11. Lise Nelson & Joni Seager. (Ed.). A Companion to Feminist Geography. New Jersey: Blackwell.
  • Hyndman, J. (2007). Feminist Geopolitics Revisited: Body Counts in Iraq. The Professional Geographer, 59(1), p.p.35-46.
  • Hyndman, J. (2019). Unsettling Feminist Geopolitics: Forging Feminist Po-litical Geographies of Violence and Displacement. Gender, Place & Culture, 26(1), pp.3-29.
  • Johnson, L. (2009). Feminism/Feminist Geography. Kitchin, Rob and Thrift, Nigel. (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Amster-dam: Elsevier.
  • Kearns, G. (2009). Geopolitics and Empire: The Legacy of Halford Mac-kinder. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kelly, P. (2019). Rescuing Classical Geopolitics. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 11(1), p.p.41-58.
  • Kim, M. J. (2019). Reparations for “Comfort Women: Feminist Geopolitics and Changing Gender Ideologies in South Korea”. Cornell International Affairs Review, 12(2), p.p.5-43.
  • Kofman, E. (1996). Feminism, Gender Relations and Geopolitics: Problem-atic Closures and Opening Strategies. Eleonore Kofman, & G. Youngs (Ed.). Globalization: Theory and Practice. New York: Pinter.
  • Kuus, M. (2007). Geopolitics Reframed: Security and Identity in Europe’s Eastern Enlargement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kuus, M. (2017). Critical Geopolitics, Oxford Research Encyclopedia, In-ternational Studies, (DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.137).
  • Lascuarín, F, et al. (2016). The International Relations Theory under a Feminist Approach. Revista de Relaciones Internacionales. Estrategia y Seguri-dad, 11(1), p.p.45-61.
  • Leylanoğlu, H. & Seyedi Asl, S. (2021). İran ve Suudi Arabistan’in 2003’ten Sonra Irak’ta Çıkar Çatışmalarına Jeopolitik Bir Bakış. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(22), pp.107-126.
  • Mamadouh, V.D. (1998). Geopolitics in the Nineties: One Flag, Many Meanings. GeoJournal, 46(4), p.p.237-253.
  • Mirahmdariadi, F. & Zaki, Y. (2016). The Scope of Postmodern Geopoli-tics Studies. Journal of Research Political Geography, 1(3), p.p.95-128.
  • Mirheidar, D. & Hamidinia, H. (2005). Methodology and Concepts in Po-litical Geography and International Relation: A Comparative Study. Internation-al Quarterly Of Geopolitics, 2(3), p.p.1-41.
  • Mohseni, S., et al, (2019). The evolution of the global geopolitical structure and the unilateral deterrence of the United States (centered on Saudi Arabia). In-ternational Quarterly Of Geopolitics, 15(54), p.p.146-172.
  • Moss, P. (2002). Feminist Geography in Practice: Research and Methods. New Jersey: Blackwell.
  • Murphy, A et al. (2004). Is There a Politics to Geopolitics. Progress in Human Geography, 28(5), p.p.619-640.
  • Naylor, L. (2017). Reframing Autonomy in Political Geography: A Femi-nist Geopolitics of Autonomous Resistance. Political Geography, 58, p.p.24-35.
  • Ó Tuathail, G. & Agnew, J. (1992). Geopolitics and Discourse: Practical Geopolitical Reasoning in American Foreign Policy. Political Geography, 11(2), p.p.190-204.
  • O Tuathail, G. & Dalby, S. (1998). Introduction: Rethinking Geopolitics: towards a Critical Geopolitics. Simon Dalby, Gearoid O Tuathail (Ed.). Rethink-ing Geopolitics. New York: Routledge.
  • Ó Tuathail, G. (1996). Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space. New York: Routledge.
  • Owens, M. T. (1999). In Defense of Classical Geopolitics. Naval War Col-lege Review, 52(4), p.p.59-76.
  • Pishghahi Fard, Z. & Kiani, V. (2012). Rethinking the Concepts and Foun-dations of Political Geography and Geopolitics in the Postmodernism Paradigm. the Journal of Defense Policy, 20(77), p.p.9-33.
  • Rahimi, H, et al. (2019). Determining the Status of Applied Recommenda-tions in Geopolitical Theories of Classical Period. International Quarterly Of Geopolitics, 15(55), p.p.1-24.
  • Reynolds, D. R. (1993). Political Geography: Closer Encounters with the State, Contemporary Political Economy, and Social Theory. Progress in Human Geography, 17(3), p.p.389-404.
  • Rose, G. (1993). Feminism and Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Ruiz, T. (2003). Feminist Theory and International Relations: The Feminist Challenge to Realism and Liberalism, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.674, (Accessed 10 January 2021).
  • Saloom, R. (2006). A Feminist Inquiry into International Law and Interna-tional Relations. Roger Williams University Law Review, 12(1), p.p.159-181.
  • Seyedi Asl, S. & Bahremani, A. O. (2021). Sınır Jeopolitiği Faktörlerinin İran-Türkmenistan İlişkileri Üzerine Etkisi. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), pp.668-698.
  • Squire, V. (2015). Reshaping critical geopolitics? The materialist challenge. Review of International Studies, 41(1), p.p.139-159.
  • Staeheli, L. & Kofman, E. (2005). Mapping Gender, Making Politics: To-ward Feminist Political Geographies. Lynn A. Staeheli, Eleonore Kofman, Linda J. Peake. (Ed.). Mapping Women, Making Politics Feminist Perspectives on Po-litical Geography, London: Routledge.
  • Tickner, J. A. (1992). Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspec-tives on Achieving Global Security, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Tovy, T. (2015). the Changing Nature of Geo-strategy 1900–2000: The Evolution of a New Paradigm. U.S.: Air University Press.
  • True J. (2005). Feminism. Scott Burchill et. al., (Ed.). Theories of Interna-tional Relations, Palgrave: Macmillan.
  • Vaiphei, L. (2015). Feminist Perspectives and International Relations: Per-spectives on International Relations and World History, http://dcac.du.ac.in/documents/E-Resource/2020/Metrial/409MukeshBagoria2.pdf, (Accessed 18 May 2021).
  • Vasudevan, P. & Smith, S. (2020). The Domestic Geopolitics of Racial Capitalism. Environment and Planning C, 38(7-8), p.p.1160-1179.
  • Walton, C. D. (2007). Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the Twenty-first Century: Multipolarity and the Revolution in Strategic Perspective. New York: Routledge.
  • Warf, B. (2006). Encyclopedia of Human Geography. California: SAGE Publications.
  • Williams, J. & Massaro, V. (2013). Feminist Geopolitics: Unpacking (In)Security, Animating Social Change. Geopolitics, 18(4), p.p.751-758.
  • Yazdani, E, et al. (2007). Geopolitical Elaboration of Power Rivalry: The Case of Central Eurasia in New Great Game. International Quarterly of Geopoli-tics, 3(9), p.p.120-158.

ELEŞTİREL JEOPOLİTİĞİN BİR BOYUTU OLARAK FEMİNİZM JEOPOLİTİK

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 69 - 92, 30.06.2023

Öz

Frederich Ratzel, Haushofer, Mackinder ve Mahan ve Spykman'ın teorilerinden Cohen ve Lacoste teorilerine ve nihayet eleştirel ve postmodern jeopolitikaya kadar geleneksel jeopolitik, dünya görüş ve düşüncelerine dayalı olarak kendi yorumlarına ve amaçlarına sahiptir. Eleştirel bir söylem olarak feminist jeopolitik; feminizmle birlikte 1960'larda ortaya çıkan, ilerici siyasi hareketlerle süregelen bir dizi ayrıcalıklı ilişkiye sahiptir. Feminizm, jeopolitiği eleştirel jeopolitik üzerine inşa ederken, baskın jeopolitik metinlerdeki boşlukları belirleyerek siyasi fırsatları yeniden inşa eder. Mekân ve siyaset arasındaki bağlantıları kuramlaştırmak ve uygulamak için yeni yollar sunduğu vurgulanmalıdır. Bu yollardan biri de bilginin üretilme biçimlerini ve bilişten türetilen epistemolojik yöntemleri, yeniden biçimlendirmeyi amaçlar. Bu makale; tanımlayıcıanalitik yaklaşım ve kütüphaneinternet kaynakları kullanarak önce jeopolitiğin tanımıyla eleştirel jeopolitiğin ortaya çıkması değerlendirilecek ve ardından feminist jeopolitiğin yerini, eleştirel jeopolitikte tartışmaya açıp analiz edilecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Afzali, R. & Amiri, A. (2011). A Study of Epistemological and Methodo-logical Foundations for Post-modern Theories in Political Geography and Geo-politics. Human Geography Research, 43(3), p.p.39-60.
  • Agnew, J. (1998). Geopolitics Re-Visioning World Politics. London: Routledge.
  • Ahmadipour, Z. & Badiei, M. (2002). Critical Geopolitics. Modarres Hu-man Sciences, 6(4), p.p.1-10.
  • Ahmadi, S.A. (2017). The Theoretical Explanation of the Nature of the Ge-opolitical Regions in Competition of the Powers. International Quarterly Of Ge-opolitics, 13(47), p.p.55-78.
  • Bachmann, V. & Toal, G. (2019). Geopolitics-Thick and Complex. A Con-versation with Gerard Toal. Erdkunde, 73(2), p.p.143-155.
  • Bowlby, S. R. & Tivers, J. (2009). Feminist geography, prehistory of. Kitchen, R. and Thrift, N. (Eds). The International Encyclopedia of Human Ge-ography. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Chapman, B. (2011). Geopolitics: A Guide to the Issues. Santa Barbara: Praeger.
  • Cohen, S. B. (2015). Geopolitics: The Geography of International Rela-tions. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Costachie, S. (2011). German School of Geopolitics: Evolution, Ideas, Pro-spects. Revista Română de Geografie Politică, XIII(2), p.p.264-276.
  • Dahlman, C.T. (2009). ‘Geopolitics’. Carolyn Gallaher, Carl T. Dahlman, Mary Gilmartin, Alison Mountz & Peter Shirlow. (Ed.). Key Concepts in Politi-cal Geography, London: SAGE Publications.
  • Dalby, S. (1996). Writing Critical Geopolitics: Campbell, Ó Tuathail, Reynolds and Dissident Skepticism. Political Geography, 15(6-7), p.p.655-660.
  • Dávalos Jaramillo, V. (2018). Feminist Methodology in International Rela-tions: an ongoing Story, Ph.D. Thesis San Francisco De Quito Usfq University, College of Social Sciences and Humanities.
  • Dittmer, J. & Boss, D. (2019). Popular Culture, Geopolitics, and Identity. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Dixon, D. P. & Marston, S. A. (2011). Introduction: Feminist Engagements with Geopolitics. Gender, Place & Culture, 18(4), p.p.445-453.
  • Dodds, K, et al. (2013). ‘Introduction: Geopolitics and Its Critics’, Klaus Dodds, Merje Kuus, Joanne Sharp. (Ed.). The Ashgate Research Companion to Critical Geopolitics, UK, Ashgate.
  • Dodds, K. (2004). Global Geopolitics: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge.
  • Dodds, K. (2007). Geopolitics: A Very Short Introduction. New York, Ox-ford University Press.
  • Dowler, L. & Sharp, J. (2001). A Feminist Geopolitics?. Space and Polity, 5(3), p.p.165-176.
  • Ekinsmyth, C. (2002). Feminist cultural geography, Pamela Amela Shur-mer-Smith. (Ed.). Doing Cultural Geography, London: SAGE Publications.
  • Flint, C. (2006). Introduction to Geopolitics. New York: Routledge.
  • Foster, R. et al. (2017). Towards a Geopolitics of Atheism: Critical Geo-politics Post the ‘War on Terror’. Political Geography, 60, p.p.179-189.
  • Gallaher, C. (2009). Introduction. Carolyn Gallaher. Carl T. Dahlman, Mary Gilmartin, Alison Mountz and Peter Shirlow. (Ed.). Key Concepts in Polit-ical Geography. London: SAGE Publications.
  • Gilmartin, M. & Kofman, E. (2005). Critically Feminist Geopolitics. Lynn A. Staeheli, Eleonore Kofman, Linda J. Peake. (Ed.). Mapping Women, Making Politics Feminist Perspectives on Political Geography. London: Routledge.
  • Hoffman, J. (2001). Gender and Sovereignty Feminism, the State and In-ternational Relations. UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hyndman, J. (2001). Towards a Feminist Geopolitics. The Canadian Ge-ographer, 45(2), p.p.210-222.
  • Hyndman, J. (2005). Feminist Geopolitics and September 11. Lise Nelson & Joni Seager. (Ed.). A Companion to Feminist Geography. New Jersey: Blackwell.
  • Hyndman, J. (2007). Feminist Geopolitics Revisited: Body Counts in Iraq. The Professional Geographer, 59(1), p.p.35-46.
  • Hyndman, J. (2019). Unsettling Feminist Geopolitics: Forging Feminist Po-litical Geographies of Violence and Displacement. Gender, Place & Culture, 26(1), pp.3-29.
  • Johnson, L. (2009). Feminism/Feminist Geography. Kitchin, Rob and Thrift, Nigel. (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of Human Geography. Amster-dam: Elsevier.
  • Kearns, G. (2009). Geopolitics and Empire: The Legacy of Halford Mac-kinder. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kelly, P. (2019). Rescuing Classical Geopolitics. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations, 11(1), p.p.41-58.
  • Kim, M. J. (2019). Reparations for “Comfort Women: Feminist Geopolitics and Changing Gender Ideologies in South Korea”. Cornell International Affairs Review, 12(2), p.p.5-43.
  • Kofman, E. (1996). Feminism, Gender Relations and Geopolitics: Problem-atic Closures and Opening Strategies. Eleonore Kofman, & G. Youngs (Ed.). Globalization: Theory and Practice. New York: Pinter.
  • Kuus, M. (2007). Geopolitics Reframed: Security and Identity in Europe’s Eastern Enlargement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kuus, M. (2017). Critical Geopolitics, Oxford Research Encyclopedia, In-ternational Studies, (DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.137).
  • Lascuarín, F, et al. (2016). The International Relations Theory under a Feminist Approach. Revista de Relaciones Internacionales. Estrategia y Seguri-dad, 11(1), p.p.45-61.
  • Leylanoğlu, H. & Seyedi Asl, S. (2021). İran ve Suudi Arabistan’in 2003’ten Sonra Irak’ta Çıkar Çatışmalarına Jeopolitik Bir Bakış. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(22), pp.107-126.
  • Mamadouh, V.D. (1998). Geopolitics in the Nineties: One Flag, Many Meanings. GeoJournal, 46(4), p.p.237-253.
  • Mirahmdariadi, F. & Zaki, Y. (2016). The Scope of Postmodern Geopoli-tics Studies. Journal of Research Political Geography, 1(3), p.p.95-128.
  • Mirheidar, D. & Hamidinia, H. (2005). Methodology and Concepts in Po-litical Geography and International Relation: A Comparative Study. Internation-al Quarterly Of Geopolitics, 2(3), p.p.1-41.
  • Mohseni, S., et al, (2019). The evolution of the global geopolitical structure and the unilateral deterrence of the United States (centered on Saudi Arabia). In-ternational Quarterly Of Geopolitics, 15(54), p.p.146-172.
  • Moss, P. (2002). Feminist Geography in Practice: Research and Methods. New Jersey: Blackwell.
  • Murphy, A et al. (2004). Is There a Politics to Geopolitics. Progress in Human Geography, 28(5), p.p.619-640.
  • Naylor, L. (2017). Reframing Autonomy in Political Geography: A Femi-nist Geopolitics of Autonomous Resistance. Political Geography, 58, p.p.24-35.
  • Ó Tuathail, G. & Agnew, J. (1992). Geopolitics and Discourse: Practical Geopolitical Reasoning in American Foreign Policy. Political Geography, 11(2), p.p.190-204.
  • O Tuathail, G. & Dalby, S. (1998). Introduction: Rethinking Geopolitics: towards a Critical Geopolitics. Simon Dalby, Gearoid O Tuathail (Ed.). Rethink-ing Geopolitics. New York: Routledge.
  • Ó Tuathail, G. (1996). Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space. New York: Routledge.
  • Owens, M. T. (1999). In Defense of Classical Geopolitics. Naval War Col-lege Review, 52(4), p.p.59-76.
  • Pishghahi Fard, Z. & Kiani, V. (2012). Rethinking the Concepts and Foun-dations of Political Geography and Geopolitics in the Postmodernism Paradigm. the Journal of Defense Policy, 20(77), p.p.9-33.
  • Rahimi, H, et al. (2019). Determining the Status of Applied Recommenda-tions in Geopolitical Theories of Classical Period. International Quarterly Of Geopolitics, 15(55), p.p.1-24.
  • Reynolds, D. R. (1993). Political Geography: Closer Encounters with the State, Contemporary Political Economy, and Social Theory. Progress in Human Geography, 17(3), p.p.389-404.
  • Rose, G. (1993). Feminism and Geography: The Limits of Geographical Knowledge. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Ruiz, T. (2003). Feminist Theory and International Relations: The Feminist Challenge to Realism and Liberalism, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.395.674, (Accessed 10 January 2021).
  • Saloom, R. (2006). A Feminist Inquiry into International Law and Interna-tional Relations. Roger Williams University Law Review, 12(1), p.p.159-181.
  • Seyedi Asl, S. & Bahremani, A. O. (2021). Sınır Jeopolitiği Faktörlerinin İran-Türkmenistan İlişkileri Üzerine Etkisi. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), pp.668-698.
  • Squire, V. (2015). Reshaping critical geopolitics? The materialist challenge. Review of International Studies, 41(1), p.p.139-159.
  • Staeheli, L. & Kofman, E. (2005). Mapping Gender, Making Politics: To-ward Feminist Political Geographies. Lynn A. Staeheli, Eleonore Kofman, Linda J. Peake. (Ed.). Mapping Women, Making Politics Feminist Perspectives on Po-litical Geography, London: Routledge.
  • Tickner, J. A. (1992). Gender in International Relations: Feminist Perspec-tives on Achieving Global Security, New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Tovy, T. (2015). the Changing Nature of Geo-strategy 1900–2000: The Evolution of a New Paradigm. U.S.: Air University Press.
  • True J. (2005). Feminism. Scott Burchill et. al., (Ed.). Theories of Interna-tional Relations, Palgrave: Macmillan.
  • Vaiphei, L. (2015). Feminist Perspectives and International Relations: Per-spectives on International Relations and World History, http://dcac.du.ac.in/documents/E-Resource/2020/Metrial/409MukeshBagoria2.pdf, (Accessed 18 May 2021).
  • Vasudevan, P. & Smith, S. (2020). The Domestic Geopolitics of Racial Capitalism. Environment and Planning C, 38(7-8), p.p.1160-1179.
  • Walton, C. D. (2007). Geopolitics and the Great Powers in the Twenty-first Century: Multipolarity and the Revolution in Strategic Perspective. New York: Routledge.
  • Warf, B. (2006). Encyclopedia of Human Geography. California: SAGE Publications.
  • Williams, J. & Massaro, V. (2013). Feminist Geopolitics: Unpacking (In)Security, Animating Social Change. Geopolitics, 18(4), p.p.751-758.
  • Yazdani, E, et al. (2007). Geopolitical Elaboration of Power Rivalry: The Case of Central Eurasia in New Great Game. International Quarterly of Geopoli-tics, 3(9), p.p.120-158.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Saba Taghi Bonyad Bu kişi benim

Shalaleh Zabardastalamdari Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Taghi Bonyad, S., & Zabardastalamdari, S. (2023). FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, 7(1), 69-92.
AMA Taghi Bonyad S, Zabardastalamdari S. FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS. IJSHS. Haziran 2023;7(1):69-92.
Chicago Taghi Bonyad, Saba, ve Shalaleh Zabardastalamdari. “FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 7, sy. 1 (Haziran 2023): 69-92.
EndNote Taghi Bonyad S, Zabardastalamdari S (01 Haziran 2023) FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 7 1 69–92.
IEEE S. Taghi Bonyad ve S. Zabardastalamdari, “FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS”, IJSHS, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 69–92, 2023.
ISNAD Taghi Bonyad, Saba - Zabardastalamdari, Shalaleh. “FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences 7/1 (Haziran 2023), 69-92.
JAMA Taghi Bonyad S, Zabardastalamdari S. FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS. IJSHS. 2023;7:69–92.
MLA Taghi Bonyad, Saba ve Shalaleh Zabardastalamdari. “FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS”. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences, c. 7, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 69-92.
Vancouver Taghi Bonyad S, Zabardastalamdari S. FEMINIST GEOPOLITICS AS A DIMENSION OF CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS. IJSHS. 2023;7(1):69-92.