Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2021, , 261 - 273, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.912679

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Referans 1 Acaravcı, A., & Akyol, M. (2017). Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, dış ticaret ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 3(1), 17-33.
  • Referans 2 Arıcanlı, T. & Rodrik, D. (1990). An Overwiev of Turkey’s Experience with Economic Liberalization and Structural Adjustment. World Development, 18, 1343-1350.
  • Referans 3 Asimakopulos, A. (1986). Harrod and Domar on dynamic economics. PSL Quarterly Review, 39(158).
  • Referans 4 Baldwin, R. E. (2004). Openness and Growth: What is the Empirical Relationship. Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economies, 499-525. Web: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9548 adresinden 17 Eylül 2015 tatihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 5 Ben-David, D. (1993). Equalizing exchange: Trade liberalization and income convergence. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 653-679
  • Referans 6 Boratav, K. (2017). Türkiye Iktisat Tarihi 1908-2015. Istanbul: Imge Kitabevi Yayinlari.
  • Referans 7 Buchanan, J. M. (2014). Fiscal theory and political economy: Selected essays. UNC Press Books.
  • Referans 8 Chen, H. (2009). A Literature Review on the Relationship Between Foreign Trade and Economic Growth. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 1 (1), 127-130. Web: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7a2c/54a522e9728c5ea98bd25093e9b226975beb.pdf adresinden 17 Eylül 2015 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 9 Domar, E. D. (1946). Capital expansion, rate of growth, and employment. Econometrica, Journal of the Econometric Society, 137-147.
  • Referans 10 Domar, E. D. (1948). The problem of capital accumulation. The American Economic Review, 38(5), 777-794.
  • Referans 11 Dornbusch, R., Fisher, S. and Startz, R. (2011). Macroeconomics. (11th Edition). Mc Graw-Hill Irwin.
  • Referans 12 Edwards, S. (1993). Openness, trade liberalization, and growth in developing countries. Journal of economic Literature, 31(3), 1358-1393.
  • Referans 13 Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1994). Endogenous innovation in the theory of growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 23-44.
  • Referans 14 Harrod, R. F. (1939). An essay in dynamic theory. The economic journal, 49(193), 14-33.
  • Referans 15 Harrod, R. F. (1959). Domar and dynamic economics. The economic journal, 69(275), 451-464.
  • Referans 16 Harrison, A. (1996). Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries. Journal of development Economics, 48(2), 419-447.
  • Referans 17 Huchet, M., Mouel,C., Vijil, M.. (2018). The relationship between trade openness and economic growth: Some new insights on the openness measurement issue. The World Economy, Wiley, 41 (1), pp.59-76. ff10.1111/twec.12586ff. ffhal-01987393f.
  • Referans 18 Johnson, B. T., and Sheehy, T. P. (1998). 18. Economic Development and Economic Freedom. The Revolution in Development Economics, 289.
  • Referans 19 Johnson, B. T., and T. P. Sheehy. (1996). 1996 Index of Economic Freedom. Washington: The Heritage Foundation.
  • Referans 20 Kazgan, G. (2002). Tanzimat'tan XXI. yüzyıla Türkiye ekonomisi: birinci küreselleşmeden, ikinci küreselleşmeye. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2002.
  • Referans 21 Kazgan, G. (2012). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Krizler (1929-2009). Ekonomi Politik” Açısından Bir İrdeleme”, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Referans 22 Kepenek, Y. ve Yentürk, N. (1994). Türkiye ekonomisi (Vol. 99). Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Referans 23 Klump, R., McAdam, P., & Willman, A. (2007). The long-term sucCESs of the neoclassical growth model. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(1), 94-114.
  • Referans 24 Koçak, E. ve Uçan, O. (2014). Türkiye’de Dış Ticaret ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki. Niğde Üniveritesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 7 (2), 51-60. Web: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/185118 adresinden 18 Eylül 2015 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 25 Krugman, P. ve Wells, R. (2013). Makro İktisat. (Çev. F. OĞUZ, M.M. ARSLAN, K.A. AKKEMİK, K. GÖKSAL). Palme Yayıncılık. (Eserin orjinali 2009’da yayımlandı).
  • Referans 26 Kurtz, H. D. and Salvadori, N. (2017). Theories of Economic Growth: Old and New. Web: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252313772 Erişim: 16 Şubat 2018. Alınmıştır.
  • Referans 27 Laffer A. (1968). The Economics of Cycles and Growth,” written by Stanley Bober, reviewed by, The American Economic Review 58 (4), pp. 1006–1007.
  • Referans 28 Leamer, E. E. (1988). Measures of openness. In Trade policy issues and empirical analysis (pp. 145-204). University of Chicago Press.
  • Referans 29 Lewis, W. Arthur. (1954) Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour, Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, C.22.
  • Referans 30 Lucas Jr, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of monetary economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • Referans 31 O’Sullivan, A., Sheffrin, S. and Perez, S. (2011). Economics: Principles, Applications and Tools. (7th Edition). International Edition: Pearson.
  • Referans 32 Pamuk, Ş. (2012). Türkiye’nin 200 Yıllık İktisadi Tarihi. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Referans 33 Paseran, M. H., Shin, Y. ve Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 289-326. Web: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jae.616 adresinden 22 Mart 2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 34 Prebisch, R. (1962). The economic development of Latin America and its principal problems. Economic Bulletin for Latin America.
  • Referans 35 Riezman, R. G., Summers, P. M., & Whiteman, C. H. (1995). The Engine of Growth or its Handmaiden?. A Time-Series Assessment of Export-led Growth. University of Iowa Department of Economics Working Paper Series, 95-16.
  • Referans 36 Robinson, J. (1945). The Economics of Full Employment. The Economic Journal Vol. 55, No. 217 (Apr., 1945), pp. 77-82.
  • Referans 37 Rodrigues, F. and Rodrik, D. (2001). Trade Plicy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic's Guide to the Cross National Evidence. NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, 15, 261-338. Web: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11058.pdf adresinden 17 Eylül 2015 tatihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 38 Rodrik, D. (1991). Premature Liberalization, Incomplete Stablization: the Özal Decade in Turkey. In M. Bruno et al., ed., Lessons of Economic Stablization and Its Aftermath, MIT Press.
  • Referans 39 Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of political economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Referans 40 Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (1995). Economic convergence and economic policies (No. w5039). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Referans 41 Sachs, J. D., Warner, A., Åslund, A., & Fischer, S. (1995). Economic reform and the process of global integration. Brookings papers on economic activity, 1995(1), 1-118.
  • Referans 42 Sato, R. (1964). The Harrod-Domar model vs the Neo-Classical growth model. The Economic Journal, 74(294), 380-387.
  • Referans 43 Singer, H. W. (1975). The distribution of gains between investing and borrowing countries. In The strategy of international development (pp. 43-57). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Referans 44 Smith, A (2006). Ulusların Zenginliği. (Çev.H. Derin). Palme Yayıncılık. (Eserin orjinali 1776’da yayımlandı).
  • Referans 45 Smith, S. C. and Todaro, M. P. (2009). Economic Development. (10th Edition). Pearson Education Limited.
  • Referans 46 Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Referans 47 Değirmen, S. ve Şengönül, A. (2012). Türkiye’de Net Özel Tasarruf-Yatırım Açığının Belirleyicileri. Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper.
  • Referans 48 Torun, N. (2015). Birim Kök Testlerinin Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Referans 49 Uslu. H. (2019). Ticari dışa açıklık ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye için çoklu yapısal kırılmalı bir analiz. Anadolu İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 3(1), 39-64.
  • Referans 50 Wacziarg, R. (1998). Measuring the dynamic gains from trade. World Bank Working Paper 2001.
  • Referans 51 Weil, D. N. (2009). Economic Growth. (2nd Edition). International Edition: Pearson.
  • Referans 52 Wolf, H. (1993). Trade orientation measurement and consequences. Estudios de economia, 20(3), 49-86.
  • Referans 53 World Bank. (1987). World development report.
  • Referans 54 Yalman, G. L. (2009). Transition to Neoliberalizm, the Case in Turkey in the 1980s, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Referans 55 Yeldan, E. (2006, 29 Mart). İşgücü Piyasalarında Yapısal Dönüşüm. Cumhuriyet.
  • Referans 56 Yeldan, E. (2013). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Türkiye Ekonomisi: Bölüşüm, Birikim ve Büyüme. (17. Baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Referans 57 Yıldırım, İ. (2001). On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl Osmanlı Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (1838-1918). Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11 (2), 313-326. Web: http://web.firat.edu.tr/sosyalbil/dergi/arsiv/cilt11/sayi2/313-326.pdf adresinden 14 Ağustos 2015 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 58 Yurdakul, F. (2000). Yapısal Kırılmaların Varlığı Durumunda Birim Kök Testleri. Gazi Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 2 (2), 21-33. Web: http://iibfdergisi.gazi.edu.tr/index.php/iibfdergisi/article/view/463 adresinden 5 Mart 2018 tarihinde alınmıştır.

Evaluation of openness effects on economic growth in Turkey

Yıl 2021, , 261 - 273, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.912679

Öz

Especially, after 1980, the effect of labour productivity and capital investments on income per capita observed in open economies in the globalizing trade system has attracted the attention of growth economics literature. In this study, the relationship between labour productivity, fixed capital investments and commercial openness in Turkey between 1980-2016 was examined by the ARDL method. The results match the findings of Solow, Romer and Lucas whose models indicate that increase in openness, technology factor, labour productivity and fixed capital investments affect the economic growth process in a positive and significant way. In this sense, among the findings, the increasing level of integration into global trade causes technology and know-how transfer, the growth rate increases together with labour and capital efficiency in the next stage.

Kaynakça

  • Referans 1 Acaravcı, A., & Akyol, M. (2017). Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, dış ticaret ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 3(1), 17-33.
  • Referans 2 Arıcanlı, T. & Rodrik, D. (1990). An Overwiev of Turkey’s Experience with Economic Liberalization and Structural Adjustment. World Development, 18, 1343-1350.
  • Referans 3 Asimakopulos, A. (1986). Harrod and Domar on dynamic economics. PSL Quarterly Review, 39(158).
  • Referans 4 Baldwin, R. E. (2004). Openness and Growth: What is the Empirical Relationship. Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economies, 499-525. Web: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c9548 adresinden 17 Eylül 2015 tatihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 5 Ben-David, D. (1993). Equalizing exchange: Trade liberalization and income convergence. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 653-679
  • Referans 6 Boratav, K. (2017). Türkiye Iktisat Tarihi 1908-2015. Istanbul: Imge Kitabevi Yayinlari.
  • Referans 7 Buchanan, J. M. (2014). Fiscal theory and political economy: Selected essays. UNC Press Books.
  • Referans 8 Chen, H. (2009). A Literature Review on the Relationship Between Foreign Trade and Economic Growth. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 1 (1), 127-130. Web: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7a2c/54a522e9728c5ea98bd25093e9b226975beb.pdf adresinden 17 Eylül 2015 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 9 Domar, E. D. (1946). Capital expansion, rate of growth, and employment. Econometrica, Journal of the Econometric Society, 137-147.
  • Referans 10 Domar, E. D. (1948). The problem of capital accumulation. The American Economic Review, 38(5), 777-794.
  • Referans 11 Dornbusch, R., Fisher, S. and Startz, R. (2011). Macroeconomics. (11th Edition). Mc Graw-Hill Irwin.
  • Referans 12 Edwards, S. (1993). Openness, trade liberalization, and growth in developing countries. Journal of economic Literature, 31(3), 1358-1393.
  • Referans 13 Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1994). Endogenous innovation in the theory of growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 23-44.
  • Referans 14 Harrod, R. F. (1939). An essay in dynamic theory. The economic journal, 49(193), 14-33.
  • Referans 15 Harrod, R. F. (1959). Domar and dynamic economics. The economic journal, 69(275), 451-464.
  • Referans 16 Harrison, A. (1996). Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries. Journal of development Economics, 48(2), 419-447.
  • Referans 17 Huchet, M., Mouel,C., Vijil, M.. (2018). The relationship between trade openness and economic growth: Some new insights on the openness measurement issue. The World Economy, Wiley, 41 (1), pp.59-76. ff10.1111/twec.12586ff. ffhal-01987393f.
  • Referans 18 Johnson, B. T., and Sheehy, T. P. (1998). 18. Economic Development and Economic Freedom. The Revolution in Development Economics, 289.
  • Referans 19 Johnson, B. T., and T. P. Sheehy. (1996). 1996 Index of Economic Freedom. Washington: The Heritage Foundation.
  • Referans 20 Kazgan, G. (2002). Tanzimat'tan XXI. yüzyıla Türkiye ekonomisi: birinci küreselleşmeden, ikinci küreselleşmeye. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2002.
  • Referans 21 Kazgan, G. (2012). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Krizler (1929-2009). Ekonomi Politik” Açısından Bir İrdeleme”, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Referans 22 Kepenek, Y. ve Yentürk, N. (1994). Türkiye ekonomisi (Vol. 99). Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Referans 23 Klump, R., McAdam, P., & Willman, A. (2007). The long-term sucCESs of the neoclassical growth model. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(1), 94-114.
  • Referans 24 Koçak, E. ve Uçan, O. (2014). Türkiye’de Dış Ticaret ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki. Niğde Üniveritesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 7 (2), 51-60. Web: http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/185118 adresinden 18 Eylül 2015 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 25 Krugman, P. ve Wells, R. (2013). Makro İktisat. (Çev. F. OĞUZ, M.M. ARSLAN, K.A. AKKEMİK, K. GÖKSAL). Palme Yayıncılık. (Eserin orjinali 2009’da yayımlandı).
  • Referans 26 Kurtz, H. D. and Salvadori, N. (2017). Theories of Economic Growth: Old and New. Web: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252313772 Erişim: 16 Şubat 2018. Alınmıştır.
  • Referans 27 Laffer A. (1968). The Economics of Cycles and Growth,” written by Stanley Bober, reviewed by, The American Economic Review 58 (4), pp. 1006–1007.
  • Referans 28 Leamer, E. E. (1988). Measures of openness. In Trade policy issues and empirical analysis (pp. 145-204). University of Chicago Press.
  • Referans 29 Lewis, W. Arthur. (1954) Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour, Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, C.22.
  • Referans 30 Lucas Jr, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of monetary economics, 22(1), 3-42.
  • Referans 31 O’Sullivan, A., Sheffrin, S. and Perez, S. (2011). Economics: Principles, Applications and Tools. (7th Edition). International Edition: Pearson.
  • Referans 32 Pamuk, Ş. (2012). Türkiye’nin 200 Yıllık İktisadi Tarihi. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Referans 33 Paseran, M. H., Shin, Y. ve Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 289-326. Web: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jae.616 adresinden 22 Mart 2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 34 Prebisch, R. (1962). The economic development of Latin America and its principal problems. Economic Bulletin for Latin America.
  • Referans 35 Riezman, R. G., Summers, P. M., & Whiteman, C. H. (1995). The Engine of Growth or its Handmaiden?. A Time-Series Assessment of Export-led Growth. University of Iowa Department of Economics Working Paper Series, 95-16.
  • Referans 36 Robinson, J. (1945). The Economics of Full Employment. The Economic Journal Vol. 55, No. 217 (Apr., 1945), pp. 77-82.
  • Referans 37 Rodrigues, F. and Rodrik, D. (2001). Trade Plicy and Economic Growth: A Skeptic's Guide to the Cross National Evidence. NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, 15, 261-338. Web: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c11058.pdf adresinden 17 Eylül 2015 tatihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 38 Rodrik, D. (1991). Premature Liberalization, Incomplete Stablization: the Özal Decade in Turkey. In M. Bruno et al., ed., Lessons of Economic Stablization and Its Aftermath, MIT Press.
  • Referans 39 Romer, P. M. (1986). Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of political economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Referans 40 Sachs, J. D., & Warner, A. M. (1995). Economic convergence and economic policies (No. w5039). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Referans 41 Sachs, J. D., Warner, A., Åslund, A., & Fischer, S. (1995). Economic reform and the process of global integration. Brookings papers on economic activity, 1995(1), 1-118.
  • Referans 42 Sato, R. (1964). The Harrod-Domar model vs the Neo-Classical growth model. The Economic Journal, 74(294), 380-387.
  • Referans 43 Singer, H. W. (1975). The distribution of gains between investing and borrowing countries. In The strategy of international development (pp. 43-57). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Referans 44 Smith, A (2006). Ulusların Zenginliği. (Çev.H. Derin). Palme Yayıncılık. (Eserin orjinali 1776’da yayımlandı).
  • Referans 45 Smith, S. C. and Todaro, M. P. (2009). Economic Development. (10th Edition). Pearson Education Limited.
  • Referans 46 Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Referans 47 Değirmen, S. ve Şengönül, A. (2012). Türkiye’de Net Özel Tasarruf-Yatırım Açığının Belirleyicileri. Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper.
  • Referans 48 Torun, N. (2015). Birim Kök Testlerinin Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Referans 49 Uslu. H. (2019). Ticari dışa açıklık ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye için çoklu yapısal kırılmalı bir analiz. Anadolu İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 3(1), 39-64.
  • Referans 50 Wacziarg, R. (1998). Measuring the dynamic gains from trade. World Bank Working Paper 2001.
  • Referans 51 Weil, D. N. (2009). Economic Growth. (2nd Edition). International Edition: Pearson.
  • Referans 52 Wolf, H. (1993). Trade orientation measurement and consequences. Estudios de economia, 20(3), 49-86.
  • Referans 53 World Bank. (1987). World development report.
  • Referans 54 Yalman, G. L. (2009). Transition to Neoliberalizm, the Case in Turkey in the 1980s, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Referans 55 Yeldan, E. (2006, 29 Mart). İşgücü Piyasalarında Yapısal Dönüşüm. Cumhuriyet.
  • Referans 56 Yeldan, E. (2013). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Türkiye Ekonomisi: Bölüşüm, Birikim ve Büyüme. (17. Baskı). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Referans 57 Yıldırım, İ. (2001). On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl Osmanlı Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (1838-1918). Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11 (2), 313-326. Web: http://web.firat.edu.tr/sosyalbil/dergi/arsiv/cilt11/sayi2/313-326.pdf adresinden 14 Ağustos 2015 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Referans 58 Yurdakul, F. (2000). Yapısal Kırılmaların Varlığı Durumunda Birim Kök Testleri. Gazi Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 2 (2), 21-33. Web: http://iibfdergisi.gazi.edu.tr/index.php/iibfdergisi/article/view/463 adresinden 5 Mart 2018 tarihinde alınmıştır.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Kerem Özbey 0000-0003-3734-079X

İbrahim Boz 0000-0003-2604-8718

Ömür Saltık 0000-0001-8507-8971

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Özbey, K., Boz, İ., & Saltık, Ö. (2021). Evaluation of openness effects on economic growth in Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 7(3), 261-273. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.912679
AMA Özbey K, Boz İ, Saltık Ö. Evaluation of openness effects on economic growth in Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. Temmuz 2021;7(3):261-273. doi:10.24289/ijsser.912679
Chicago Özbey, Kerem, İbrahim Boz, ve Ömür Saltık. “Evaluation of Openness Effects on Economic Growth in Turkey”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 7, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2021): 261-73. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.912679.
EndNote Özbey K, Boz İ, Saltık Ö (01 Temmuz 2021) Evaluation of openness effects on economic growth in Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 7 3 261–273.
IEEE K. Özbey, İ. Boz, ve Ö. Saltık, “Evaluation of openness effects on economic growth in Turkey”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, c. 7, sy. 3, ss. 261–273, 2021, doi: 10.24289/ijsser.912679.
ISNAD Özbey, Kerem vd. “Evaluation of Openness Effects on Economic Growth in Turkey”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research 7/3 (Temmuz 2021), 261-273. https://doi.org/10.24289/ijsser.912679.
JAMA Özbey K, Boz İ, Saltık Ö. Evaluation of openness effects on economic growth in Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2021;7:261–273.
MLA Özbey, Kerem vd. “Evaluation of Openness Effects on Economic Growth in Turkey”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, c. 7, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 261-73, doi:10.24289/ijsser.912679.
Vancouver Özbey K, Boz İ, Saltık Ö. Evaluation of openness effects on economic growth in Turkey. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research. 2021;7(3):261-73.

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