Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 181 - 193, 30.04.2021
Yekinni Ojo Bello
,
Mercy Busayo Bello
Kaynakça
- Al-Sabbahy, H., Ekinci, Y. and Riley, M. (2004). An investigation of perceived value dimensions: implications for hospitality research. Journal of Travel Research, 42, (3), 226-234.
- Ananth, M., DeMicco, F.J., Moreo, P.J., and Howey, R. M . (1992 ). Marketplace lodging needs of mature travellers. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 33, (4), 12-24.
- Atkinson, A. (1988). Answering the Eternal Question: What Does the Customer Want? . The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 29, (2), 12-14.
- Bach, S. A., and Milman, A. (1996). A novel technique for reviewing a hospitality management curriculum. Hospitality and Tourism Educator, 8, (1), 37-40.
- Baloglu, S.and Uysal, M. (1996). Market Segments of Push and Pull Motivation: A Canonical Correlation Approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 8, 32-38.
- Barber, N., and Scarcelli, J. M. (2009 ). Clean restrooms: How important are they to restaurant consumers? Journal of Foodservice, 20, (6), 309-320.
- Barsky, J., and Labagh, R. (1992). A strategy for customer satisfaction. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 35, (5), 32–40.
- Bashar, A. A. and Ahmad, P.M.S. . (2010). An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Foreign Tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5, (12), 41-50.
- Battour, M., and Ismail, M.N;. (2014). The Role of Destination Attributes in Islamic Tourism. Retrieved from SHS Web of Conferences 12, p.1-8: http://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2014/09/shsconf_4ictr2014_01077.pdf
- Bello, Y. O. (2012). Hospitality Economics (A Simplified Approach) in the Nigerian Hospitality Industry (2nd Ed.). Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Bello, Y. O. (2015). Destination Choice process among Higher Education Students in Malaysia . University Putra Malaysia: Doctorate Degree Thesis Submitted to School of Graduate Studies.
- Bello, Y. O. (2018). Hospitlaity and Tourism Economics. Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Bello, Y. O., Udi, I. O., Bello, M. B., and Raja, N. R. Y. (2016). Introduction to Hospitality management. Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Bello, Y.O., & Bello, M. B. (2017). Hotel Front Office Management; The Contemporary Approach. Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Berry,T., Shostack, G, and Upah, G. (2002). Emerging Perspectives on Services Marketing . Chicago: American Marketing.
- Bojanic, D. C. (1996). Consumer perceptions of price, value and satisfaction in the hotel industry: An exploratory study. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4,(1), 5-22.
- Brady, M. K., and Cronin, J. J. (2001). Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: A hierarchical approach . Journal of Marketing, 65, (3), 34-49.
- Cadotte, E.R., and Turgeon, N. (1988). Key attribute in guest satisfaction. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 28, (4), 45–51.
Chang, K. (2007). The impact of perceived physical environments on customers’ satisfaction and return intention. Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 21, (2), 75-85.
- Chebat, J., and Michon, R. (2003). Impact of ambient odors on mall shoppers’ emotions, cognition, and spending. Journal of Business Research, 56, 529-539.
- Chow, I. H.-s., Lau, V. P., Lo, T. W.-c., Sha, Z., and Yun, H. (2007). Service quality in restaurant operations in China: Decision- and experientialoriented perspectives . Hospitality Management, 26, 689-710.
- Chu, R.K.S., and Choi, T. (2000). An importance-performance analysis of hotel choice attribute in the Hong Kong hotel industry: a comparison of business and leisure travelers. Tourism Management, 21, 363–377.
- Clow, K. E., Garretson, J. A., and Kurtz, D. L. (1994). An Exploratory Study into the Purchase Decision Process used by Leisure Travellers in Hotel Choice. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 2, (4), 53-72.
- Dominici, G. and Guzzo, R. (2010). Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry: A Case Study from Sicily. International journal of Marketing Studies, 2, (2), 3-12.
- Dominici, G. and Palumbo, F. (2012). How to Build an E-learning Product: Attribute for Student / Customers' Satisaction. Business Horizons, 56, (1), 87–96.
- Dominici, G., and Palumbo, F. (2013). The Drivers of Customer Satisfaction in the Hospitality Industry: Applying the Kano Model to Sicilian Hotels. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 3, (3), 215-236.
- Enz, C.A., &Taylor, M.S. (2002). The safety and security of U.S. hotels: Apost-September11 report. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43, (5), 119–136.
- Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., and Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American customer satisfaction index: Nature, purpose, and findings. The Journal of Marketing, 60, (4), 7-18.
- Freneund, J. E., and William, F.J. (2009). Quick Statistics. London: Penguin.
- Ghazi, K. M. (2015). Safety and Security Measures in Egyptian Hotels . Journal of Hotel and Business Management, 4, (1),1-11.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., and Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th Ed.) . Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Prentice Hall.
- Himmelberg, M. (2004). Safety is a top concern for travelers, who like to see visible security . Knight Ridder Tribune Business News.
- Hinkin, T.R., and Tracey, J.B. (2003a). The service imperative: Attribute driving meeting effectiveness . Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(5/6), 17–26.
- Hinkin, T.R., and Tracey, J.B. (2003b). Continued relevance of “Attribute driving meeting effectiveness. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44, (5/6), 27–30.
- Hsieh, L.F., Lin, L.H., and Lin, Y.Y. (2008). A service quality management architecture for hot spring hotels in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 29, 429–438.
- Hui, M. K., Dube, L., and Chebat, J. (1997). The impact of music on consumer’s reaction to waiting for services . Journal of Retailing, 73, 87-104.
- Igbojekwe, P. A. (2002). Management Control System, Theory and Practice in the Hospitality Industry . Owerri: Heins Nigeria Publisher Ltd.
- Igbojekwe, P. A. (2008). Managing Housekeeping Operations. Owerri: J. Emeka – Njoku and Sons Enterprise.
- Igbojekwe, P. A., Okoli, C. I., and Ugo-Okoro, C. (2013). Attitude to Recreation: A Hindrance to Development of Tourism Industry in Nigeria. International Journal of Art and Commerce, 2, (2), 12-23.
- Kashyap, R. and Bojanic, D.C. (2000). A structural analysis of value, quality, and price perceptions of business and leisure travelers. Journal of Travel Research, 39, 45-51.
- Keaveney, S. (1995). Customer switching behavior in service industries: An exploratory study. Journal of Marketing, 59, (2): 71–82.
- Kim, J.H. (2014). The Antecedents of Memorable Tourism Experiences: The Development of a Scale to Measure the Destination Attributes Associated with Memorable Experiences. Tourism Management, 44: 34-45.
- Knutson, B. (1988). Frequent Travelers: Making them Happy and Bringing them Back. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 29, (1), 83–87.
- Knutson, B. J., and Patton, M. E. (1995). Restaurants can find gold among silver hair: Opportunities in the 55+ market . Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 1, (3), 79-90.
- Kokko, T. (2005). Offering development in the restaurant sector: A comparison between customer perception and management beliefs. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Helsinki, Finland: Hanken School of Economics.
- Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T., and Makens, J. C. (2006). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism 4th (ed.). New Jersey: pearson Education Inc.
- Kovjanic, G. (2014). Islamic Tourism as a Factor of the Middle East Regional Development. Turizam, 18, (1), 33-43.
- Kriegl, U. (2000). International Hospitality Management. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41,(2), 64-71.
- Kuo, C.M. (2009). The Managerial Implication of an Analysis of Tourist Profiles and International Hotel Employees Service Attitude. International Journal of Hospitality, 28, (1), 302–309.
- Kwenga, J. M. (2012). Operational strategies used by church guest houses in promoting domestic tourism through conferencing in Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya: Kenyatta University Library.
- Lam, T. and Zhang, H. (1999). Service Quality of Travel Agents: The Case of Travel Agents in Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 20, (3), 341–349.
- Lewis, R. (1985). Getting the most from Marketing Research [Part V] Predicting Hotel Choice: The Attribute Underlying Perception. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 26, (3), 82–96.
- Lewis, R. C., and Chambers, R. E. (1989). Marketing Leadership in Hospitality. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
- Lewis, R.C. (1983). Getting the most from Marketing research. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 24, (3), 25–35.
- Lim, H. (2010). Understanding American customer perceptions on Japanese food and services in the U.S. Unpublished master's thesis . Las Vegas : University of Nevada.
- Liu, Y., and Jang, S. (2009). Perceptions of chinese restaurants in the U.S.: What affects customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 338-348.
- Madugba, R. C. (2016). Hospitality Industry in Lagos Can Generate over N846b yearly. Lagos: The Nation Newspaper; July 8.
- Mariner, T. (1995). Facing the security challenge. The Bottom Line, 10, (4), 36.
- Mattila, A. S. (2001). Emotional Bonding and Restaurant Loyalty. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Querterly, 42, (6), 73-79.
- Mayo, C., and Collegain, B. (1997). Industry Report. Academic Research Library, 27, (2), 96.
- McCleary, K.W., Weaver, P.A., and Hutchinson, J.C. (1993). Hotel Choice Attribute as they Relate to Business Travel Situations. Journal of Travel Research, 32, (2), 42–48.
- McColl-Kennedy, J. R., and White, T. (1997). Service provider training programs at odds with customer requirements in five-star hotels. Journal of Service Marketing, 11, (4), 249-264.
- Mohsin, A. and Lockyer, T. (2010 ). Customer perceptions of service quality in luxury hotels in New Delhi, India: an exploratory study. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22, ( 2), 12-32.
- Nikki, F., Pietro, C., Sunet, L., Basheena, B., Osere, A., Nicolas, V, and Michael, M. (2015). The African Traveller. Sunninghill, South Africa: PWC'S Hospitality Industry Group.
- Oh, H. (1999). Service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer value: a holistic perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18, (1), 67-82.
- Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS. McGraw-Hill International.
- PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2015). Hospitality Outlook; 2015-2017. South Africa: PricewaterhouseCoopers.
- PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2017). African Insights Hotels outlook: 2017–2021. Retrieved August 11, 2018, from www.pwc.co.za/ hospitality-and-leisure.
- Ramanathan, U. (2010). Guests‟ perceptions on attribute influencing customer loyalty: An analysis for UK hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17, 317-328.
- Reichheld, F. F. (1990). Zero defections: Quality comes to services. Havard Business Review, 68, (5), 105-111.
- Reimer, A., and Kuehn, R. (2005). The Impact of Servicescape on Quality Perception. European Journal of Marketing, 39, 785-808.
- Richard, M.D. and Sundaram, D.S. (1993). Lodging Choice Intentions: A Causal Modeling Approach. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 1,(4), 81–98.
- Rivers, M.J., Toh, R.S., and Alaoui, M. (1991). Frequent-stayerprograms:thedemographic, behavioural, and attitudinal characteristics of hotel steady sleepers. Journal of Travel Research, 30, (2), 41–45.
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- Sohrabi, B., Vanani, I. R., Tahmasebipur, K., and Fazli, S . (2011). An Exploratory Analysis of Hotel Choice Attribute: A Comprehensive Survey of Tehran Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, (1), 96–106.
- Sun, S., & Lu, W. (2005). Evaluating the Performance of the Taiwanese Hotel Industry using a Weight Slacks-based Measure. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 22,(4), 487–512.
- Taninecz, G. (1990). 1990 Business Traveller Survey. Hotel and Motel Management, 205, (1), 29-32.
- Tsai, H., Yeung, S., and Yim, P.H. (2011). Hotel choice criteria used by mainland Chinese and foreign individual travelers to Hong Kong. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 12, (3), 252-267.
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Hotel attributes and customer’s choice behavior: evidence from port Harcourt city, Nigeria
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 181 - 193, 30.04.2021
Yekinni Ojo Bello
,
Mercy Busayo Bello
Öz
This paper tested a structural model that examines the proposed relationships between hotel attributes and hotel choice in respect to customers in Port Harcourt, Rivers Nigeria. The study used a structured questionnaire hence, a quantitative research design. Multiple regression analysis was used for analysis of data collected using statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 23. The result shows that all the six hotel attributes have positive and significant relationship with customer’s hotel choice behavior in respect to the study area. Result further validates the proposed Hotel Choice Indicators (HCI) Model for hotels in Port Harcourt City. This study contributed to the body of knowledge by proposing and validating the HCI Model for hotels in an emerging economy and Port Harcourt City in particular. It authenticates attribute that influence hotel choice behavior among hotel patrons in Port Harcourt. The study also increased the explanatory power of the push-pull theory in explaining hotel choice attribute or attributes in an emerging economy.
Kaynakça
- Al-Sabbahy, H., Ekinci, Y. and Riley, M. (2004). An investigation of perceived value dimensions: implications for hospitality research. Journal of Travel Research, 42, (3), 226-234.
- Ananth, M., DeMicco, F.J., Moreo, P.J., and Howey, R. M . (1992 ). Marketplace lodging needs of mature travellers. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 33, (4), 12-24.
- Atkinson, A. (1988). Answering the Eternal Question: What Does the Customer Want? . The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 29, (2), 12-14.
- Bach, S. A., and Milman, A. (1996). A novel technique for reviewing a hospitality management curriculum. Hospitality and Tourism Educator, 8, (1), 37-40.
- Baloglu, S.and Uysal, M. (1996). Market Segments of Push and Pull Motivation: A Canonical Correlation Approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 8, 32-38.
- Barber, N., and Scarcelli, J. M. (2009 ). Clean restrooms: How important are they to restaurant consumers? Journal of Foodservice, 20, (6), 309-320.
- Barsky, J., and Labagh, R. (1992). A strategy for customer satisfaction. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 35, (5), 32–40.
- Bashar, A. A. and Ahmad, P.M.S. . (2010). An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Foreign Tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5, (12), 41-50.
- Battour, M., and Ismail, M.N;. (2014). The Role of Destination Attributes in Islamic Tourism. Retrieved from SHS Web of Conferences 12, p.1-8: http://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2014/09/shsconf_4ictr2014_01077.pdf
- Bello, Y. O. (2012). Hospitality Economics (A Simplified Approach) in the Nigerian Hospitality Industry (2nd Ed.). Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Bello, Y. O. (2015). Destination Choice process among Higher Education Students in Malaysia . University Putra Malaysia: Doctorate Degree Thesis Submitted to School of Graduate Studies.
- Bello, Y. O. (2018). Hospitlaity and Tourism Economics. Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Bello, Y. O., Udi, I. O., Bello, M. B., and Raja, N. R. Y. (2016). Introduction to Hospitality management. Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Bello, Y.O., & Bello, M. B. (2017). Hotel Front Office Management; The Contemporary Approach. Ondo: Grace Excellent Publishers.
- Berry,T., Shostack, G, and Upah, G. (2002). Emerging Perspectives on Services Marketing . Chicago: American Marketing.
- Bojanic, D. C. (1996). Consumer perceptions of price, value and satisfaction in the hotel industry: An exploratory study. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4,(1), 5-22.
- Brady, M. K., and Cronin, J. J. (2001). Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: A hierarchical approach . Journal of Marketing, 65, (3), 34-49.
- Cadotte, E.R., and Turgeon, N. (1988). Key attribute in guest satisfaction. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 28, (4), 45–51.
Chang, K. (2007). The impact of perceived physical environments on customers’ satisfaction and return intention. Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 21, (2), 75-85.
- Chebat, J., and Michon, R. (2003). Impact of ambient odors on mall shoppers’ emotions, cognition, and spending. Journal of Business Research, 56, 529-539.
- Chow, I. H.-s., Lau, V. P., Lo, T. W.-c., Sha, Z., and Yun, H. (2007). Service quality in restaurant operations in China: Decision- and experientialoriented perspectives . Hospitality Management, 26, 689-710.
- Chu, R.K.S., and Choi, T. (2000). An importance-performance analysis of hotel choice attribute in the Hong Kong hotel industry: a comparison of business and leisure travelers. Tourism Management, 21, 363–377.
- Clow, K. E., Garretson, J. A., and Kurtz, D. L. (1994). An Exploratory Study into the Purchase Decision Process used by Leisure Travellers in Hotel Choice. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 2, (4), 53-72.
- Dominici, G. and Guzzo, R. (2010). Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry: A Case Study from Sicily. International journal of Marketing Studies, 2, (2), 3-12.
- Dominici, G. and Palumbo, F. (2012). How to Build an E-learning Product: Attribute for Student / Customers' Satisaction. Business Horizons, 56, (1), 87–96.
- Dominici, G., and Palumbo, F. (2013). The Drivers of Customer Satisfaction in the Hospitality Industry: Applying the Kano Model to Sicilian Hotels. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 3, (3), 215-236.
- Enz, C.A., &Taylor, M.S. (2002). The safety and security of U.S. hotels: Apost-September11 report. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43, (5), 119–136.
- Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., and Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American customer satisfaction index: Nature, purpose, and findings. The Journal of Marketing, 60, (4), 7-18.
- Freneund, J. E., and William, F.J. (2009). Quick Statistics. London: Penguin.
- Ghazi, K. M. (2015). Safety and Security Measures in Egyptian Hotels . Journal of Hotel and Business Management, 4, (1),1-11.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., and Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th Ed.) . Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Prentice Hall.
- Himmelberg, M. (2004). Safety is a top concern for travelers, who like to see visible security . Knight Ridder Tribune Business News.
- Hinkin, T.R., and Tracey, J.B. (2003a). The service imperative: Attribute driving meeting effectiveness . Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(5/6), 17–26.
- Hinkin, T.R., and Tracey, J.B. (2003b). Continued relevance of “Attribute driving meeting effectiveness. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44, (5/6), 27–30.
- Hsieh, L.F., Lin, L.H., and Lin, Y.Y. (2008). A service quality management architecture for hot spring hotels in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 29, 429–438.
- Hui, M. K., Dube, L., and Chebat, J. (1997). The impact of music on consumer’s reaction to waiting for services . Journal of Retailing, 73, 87-104.
- Igbojekwe, P. A. (2002). Management Control System, Theory and Practice in the Hospitality Industry . Owerri: Heins Nigeria Publisher Ltd.
- Igbojekwe, P. A. (2008). Managing Housekeeping Operations. Owerri: J. Emeka – Njoku and Sons Enterprise.
- Igbojekwe, P. A., Okoli, C. I., and Ugo-Okoro, C. (2013). Attitude to Recreation: A Hindrance to Development of Tourism Industry in Nigeria. International Journal of Art and Commerce, 2, (2), 12-23.
- Kashyap, R. and Bojanic, D.C. (2000). A structural analysis of value, quality, and price perceptions of business and leisure travelers. Journal of Travel Research, 39, 45-51.
- Keaveney, S. (1995). Customer switching behavior in service industries: An exploratory study. Journal of Marketing, 59, (2): 71–82.
- Kim, J.H. (2014). The Antecedents of Memorable Tourism Experiences: The Development of a Scale to Measure the Destination Attributes Associated with Memorable Experiences. Tourism Management, 44: 34-45.
- Knutson, B. (1988). Frequent Travelers: Making them Happy and Bringing them Back. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 29, (1), 83–87.
- Knutson, B. J., and Patton, M. E. (1995). Restaurants can find gold among silver hair: Opportunities in the 55+ market . Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 1, (3), 79-90.
- Kokko, T. (2005). Offering development in the restaurant sector: A comparison between customer perception and management beliefs. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Helsinki, Finland: Hanken School of Economics.
- Kotler, P., Bowen, J. T., and Makens, J. C. (2006). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism 4th (ed.). New Jersey: pearson Education Inc.
- Kovjanic, G. (2014). Islamic Tourism as a Factor of the Middle East Regional Development. Turizam, 18, (1), 33-43.
- Kriegl, U. (2000). International Hospitality Management. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41,(2), 64-71.
- Kuo, C.M. (2009). The Managerial Implication of an Analysis of Tourist Profiles and International Hotel Employees Service Attitude. International Journal of Hospitality, 28, (1), 302–309.
- Kwenga, J. M. (2012). Operational strategies used by church guest houses in promoting domestic tourism through conferencing in Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya: Kenyatta University Library.
- Lam, T. and Zhang, H. (1999). Service Quality of Travel Agents: The Case of Travel Agents in Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 20, (3), 341–349.
- Lewis, R. (1985). Getting the most from Marketing Research [Part V] Predicting Hotel Choice: The Attribute Underlying Perception. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 26, (3), 82–96.
- Lewis, R. C., and Chambers, R. E. (1989). Marketing Leadership in Hospitality. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
- Lewis, R.C. (1983). Getting the most from Marketing research. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 24, (3), 25–35.
- Lim, H. (2010). Understanding American customer perceptions on Japanese food and services in the U.S. Unpublished master's thesis . Las Vegas : University of Nevada.
- Liu, Y., and Jang, S. (2009). Perceptions of chinese restaurants in the U.S.: What affects customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 338-348.
- Madugba, R. C. (2016). Hospitality Industry in Lagos Can Generate over N846b yearly. Lagos: The Nation Newspaper; July 8.
- Mariner, T. (1995). Facing the security challenge. The Bottom Line, 10, (4), 36.
- Mattila, A. S. (2001). Emotional Bonding and Restaurant Loyalty. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Querterly, 42, (6), 73-79.
- Mayo, C., and Collegain, B. (1997). Industry Report. Academic Research Library, 27, (2), 96.
- McCleary, K.W., Weaver, P.A., and Hutchinson, J.C. (1993). Hotel Choice Attribute as they Relate to Business Travel Situations. Journal of Travel Research, 32, (2), 42–48.
- McColl-Kennedy, J. R., and White, T. (1997). Service provider training programs at odds with customer requirements in five-star hotels. Journal of Service Marketing, 11, (4), 249-264.
- Mohsin, A. and Lockyer, T. (2010 ). Customer perceptions of service quality in luxury hotels in New Delhi, India: an exploratory study. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22, ( 2), 12-32.
- Nikki, F., Pietro, C., Sunet, L., Basheena, B., Osere, A., Nicolas, V, and Michael, M. (2015). The African Traveller. Sunninghill, South Africa: PWC'S Hospitality Industry Group.
- Oh, H. (1999). Service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer value: a holistic perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18, (1), 67-82.
- Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS. McGraw-Hill International.
- PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2015). Hospitality Outlook; 2015-2017. South Africa: PricewaterhouseCoopers.
- PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2017). African Insights Hotels outlook: 2017–2021. Retrieved August 11, 2018, from www.pwc.co.za/ hospitality-and-leisure.
- Ramanathan, U. (2010). Guests‟ perceptions on attribute influencing customer loyalty: An analysis for UK hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17, 317-328.
- Reichheld, F. F. (1990). Zero defections: Quality comes to services. Havard Business Review, 68, (5), 105-111.
- Reimer, A., and Kuehn, R. (2005). The Impact of Servicescape on Quality Perception. European Journal of Marketing, 39, 785-808.
- Richard, M.D. and Sundaram, D.S. (1993). Lodging Choice Intentions: A Causal Modeling Approach. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 1,(4), 81–98.
- Rivers, M.J., Toh, R.S., and Alaoui, M. (1991). Frequent-stayerprograms:thedemographic, behavioural, and attitudinal characteristics of hotel steady sleepers. Journal of Travel Research, 30, (2), 41–45.
- Seiders, K., Berry, L.L., and Gresham, L. (2000). Attention retailers: How convenience it is your convenience strategy? Sloan Management Review, 49,(3),79-90.
- Sohrabi, B., Vanani, I. R., Tahmasebipur, K., and Fazli, S . (2011). An Exploratory Analysis of Hotel Choice Attribute: A Comprehensive Survey of Tehran Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, (1), 96–106.
- Sun, S., & Lu, W. (2005). Evaluating the Performance of the Taiwanese Hotel Industry using a Weight Slacks-based Measure. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 22,(4), 487–512.
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