SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCING LEISURE ATTITUDE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT A SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY

Öz

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of various socio-demographic factors on leisure attitude among undergraduate students. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 430 undergraduate students enrolled at a South African university during the first semester of 2014. Leisure attitude was measured using the Leisure Attitude Scale by Ragheb and Beard (1982). Descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results showed that factors such students’ expenditure, race, mode of transport to and from campus age, and level of study have a significant influence on leisure attitude among students. There was no statistical evidence supporting the effect of place of residence during school time, gender and field of study on leisure attitude status. This study concluded that socio-demographic factors do not only influence leisure attitude but may also affect the level of participation in leisure activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leisure attitude, socio-demographic, logistic regression, university students

Kaynakça

1. Baldwin, Kimm S., and Howard E. Tinsley (1988). An investigation of the validity of Tinsley and Tinsley's (1986) Theory of Leisure Experience. Journal of
2. Counseling Psychology, Vol. 35, pp.263-267. Beard, Jacob G. and Mounir G. Ragheb (1982). Measuring leisure attitude.
3. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.155-167. Biddle, S.J.H., Sallis, J.F. & Cavill, N. (Eds.). (1998). Young and active? Young people and heanlth-enhancing physical activity: Evidence and implications.
4. London: Health Education Authority. Bowtell, C. (1993). Idyll Arbor Leisure Battery Manual, Ravensdale, WA: Idyll Arbor Inc.
5. Brown, B., O'Connell, R. & Murphree, E. (2011). Business Statistics in Practice, New York: McGraw-Hill.
6. Brown, Heather, and Jennifer Roberts (2011). Exercising choice: the economic determinants of physical activity behaviour of an employed population. Social
7. Science & Medicine, Vol. 73, pp.383-390. Chiu, L.K. (2002). Sikap dan kepuasan terhadop kesenggangan di kalangan pelajar pengurusan pelancongan. Laporan penyelidikan, Sekolah Pengurasan
8. Pelancongan, Universiti Utara Malaysia. Chiu, L.K. (2004). Pengaruh sikap, motivasi dan efikasi-kendiri terhadap penyertaan aktiviti fizikal masa senggang di kalangan pelajar universiti awam tempatan. Tesis Ph.D yang tidak diterbitkan, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

9. Chiu, L. K. (2009). University student’s attitude, self-efficacy and motivation regarding leisure time physical participation. Jurnal Pendidik dan Pendidikan, Jil, Vol. 24, pp.1–15.
10. Chiu, L.K & Kayat, K. (2010). Psychological Determinants of Leisure Time
11. Physical Activity Participation among Public University Students in Malaysia. ASEAN Journal of Teaching & Learning in Higher Education, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp.33-45. Dollman, James, and Nicole R. Lewis (2010). The impact of socioeconomic position on sport participation among South Australian youth. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Vol. 13, pp.318-322.
12. Dowall, J., C. Bolter, R. Flett, and Richard Kammann (1988). Psychological well- being and its relationship to fitness and activity levels, Journal of Human
13. Movement Studies, Vol. 14, pp.39–45. Evans, Kate E., Cindy L. Hartman, and Denise M. Anderson (2013). It’s more than a class Leisure education’s influence on college student engagement.
14. Innovative Higher Education, Vol. 38, No.1, pp.45-58. Freire, Teresa (2006). Experiências óptimas e lazer: Sobre a qualidade da experiência subjectiva na vida diária. Psicologia: Teoria, Investigação e Prática, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp.243–258.
15. Freire, Teresa and Carla Fonte (2007). Escala de atitudes face ao lazer. Paidéia, (36), 79–87. Accessed 21.07.2014] http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paideia/v17n36/v17n36a08.pdf
16. Gist, N.P. & Fava, S.F. (1964). Urban society. New York: Crowell.
17. Godbey, Geoffrey (1985). Leisure in your life, State College: Venture.
18. Hoefer, Wendy R., Thomas L. McKenzie, James F. Sallis, Simon J. Marshall, and Terry L. Conway (2001). Parental provision of transportation for adolescent physical activity. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp.48-51.
19. Humbert, M. Louise, Karen E. Chad, Kevin S. Spink, Nazeem Muhajarine, Kristal D. Anderson, Mark W. Bruner, Tammy M. Girolami, Patrick Odnokon, and Catherine R. Gryba (2006). Factors that influence physical activity participation among high- and low-SES youth. Qualitative Health Research, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp.467-483.
20. ITRISA (2014). International Trade Communication, ITRISA: Sandton.
21. JCU (2013). Leisure has many benefits for university students. https://www.academia.edu/3746513/Leisure_Has_Many_Benefits_for_University
22. _Students [Accessed 21.7.2014]
23. Kaplan, Max (1975). Leisure: theory and practice, New York: John Wiley.
24. Kelly, John R. (1972). Work and leisure: a simplified paradigm. Journal of
25. Leisure Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.50-62. Mannell, Roger C., and Douglas A. Kleiber (1997). A social psychology of leisure, PA: Venture Publishing.
26. Maseko, N., Viljoen, D. and Muzindutsi, P.F., 2015. Determinants of Perceived
27. Causes of Poverty among South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Generation. Journal of Human Ecology, Vol.52, No. 3, pp.160-167. Pallant, J. (2013). A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS: survival manual, 5th ed., Berkshire: McGraw-Hill.
28. Ragheb, Mounir G., and Jacob G. Beard (1982). Measuring leisure attitude.
29. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp.155-167. Ragheb, Mounir G., and Richard L. Tate (1993). A behavioral model of leisure participation, based on leisure attitude, motivation and satisfaction. Leisure Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp.61–70.
30. Social Report (2010). Social indicators for New Zealand. http://www.socialreport.msd.govt.nz [Accessed 21.7.2014]
31. Stebbins, Robert (2006). Serious leisure: A perspective for our time, New
32. Brunswick, NJ: Aldine/Transaction. Steptoe, Andrew, Jane Wardle, Raymond Fuller, Arne Holte, Joao Justo, Robbert Sanderman, and Lars Wichstrİm (1997). Leisure-time physical exercise:
33. Prevalence, attitudinal correlates and behavioral correlates among young Europeans from 21 countries. Preventative Medicine, Vol. 26, pp.845-854. Teixeira, Ana, and Teresa Freire (2013), The Leisure Attitude Scale: psychometrics properties of a short version for adolescents and young adults.
34. Leisure/Loisir, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp.57-67. Walker, Gordon J., Kerry S. Courneya, and Jinyang Deng (2006), Ethnicity, gender, and the theory of planned behavior: the case of playing the lottery.
35. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp.224. Wankel, Leonard M., and Bonnie G. Berger (1990), The psychological and social benefits of sport and physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 22, pp.167-182.