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EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 133 - 151, 01.06.2016

Öz

Studies have shown that community cohesion is an important factor in crime
reduction. Community cohesion has thrived in societies where there is a common
goal and a mutual sense of belonging. Such sense of belonging and common
vision has been shown to help reduce the likelihood of becoming a victim of
violent crime such as robbery and assault, regardless of socioeconomic status,
lifestyle and neighbourhood characteristics. This study examines the nexus
between community cohesion and crime in South Africa. This secondary data
analysis involved the 2014/2015 South African Victims of Crime Survey from
Statistics South Africa. Using a descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic
regression analysis, findings indicate that the percentage of female respondents
with community cohesion was higher than the male (96.9% vs. 95.7%; p < 0.005).
A higher proportion of unemployed respondents had community cohesion than the
employed (97.8% vs. 94.6%; p

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, C. (2004) Imagining the Asian gang: ethnicity, masculinity and youth after “the riots” Critical social policy, 24(4): 525-549
  • Anderson, J.L. (2012) Urban displacement and peacebuilding: an analysis of
  • South African social cohesion interventions. New issues in refugee research. Research paper No. 243 Barolsky, V. (2016). Is social cohesion relevant to a city in the global South? A case study of Khayelitsha Township. South African Crime Quarterly No 55
  • Accessed: 5/06/2016] Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413- /2016/v0n55a753
  • Bello, P. (2015) Examining human trafficking and the response of the South
  • African criminal justice system. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Pretoria: Tshwane University of Technology Berg, J. & Schärf, W. (2004).Crime statistics in South Africa 1994-2003.South
  • African Journal of Criminal Justice, 17:57-78
  • Bourguignon, F. (2001) Crime as a Social Cost of Poverty and Inequality: A
  • Review Focusing on Developing Countries, In Yusuf, S., Evenett, S., & Wu, W. (Eds.), Facets of Globalization. Breetzke, G.D., Landman, K., & Cohn, E.G (2014) Is it safer behind the gates?
  • Crime and gate communities in South Africa.Journal of housing and the built environment, 29(1):123-137
  • Chiu, W., & Madden, P. (1998) Burglary and Income Inequality. Journal of Public Economics, 69: 123-141
  • Chipkin, I. & Ngqulunga, B. (2008) Friends and families: social cohesion in South
  • Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 34(1):61-78
  • Colic-Peisker, V. & Robertson, S. (2015) Social change and community cohesion: an ethnographic study of two Melbourne suburbs, Ethnic and racial studies, (1): 75-91
  • Demack, S., Platts-Fowler, D., Robinson, D., & Wilson, I. (2010) Young People and Cohesion: analysis from the longitudinal study of Young People in England.
  • Research Report (DFE-RR033). United Kingdom (UK): UK Government Department of Education Ehrlich, I. (1973) Participation in illegitimate activities: A theoretical and empirical investigation. The Journal of Political Economy, 81(3):521-565.
  • Engel, L.C., Kington, A. & Mleczko, A. (2013) The influence of education on community cohesion; adaptations of policy to practice, The Journal of educational research 106(5): 404-418
  • Harrison, M. (2005) Introduction. In Harrison, M, Philips, D., Chahal, K., Hunt,
  • L., & Perry, J. Housing, race & community cohesion. Chattered Institute of Housing Policy & Practice. Oxford: Alden press Hipp, J.R. and Steenbeak, W. (2015) Types of crime and types of mechanism: what are the consequences for neighbourhoods over time? Crime & Delinquency:1-32
  • Hirschfield, A. & Bowers, K. J. (1997) The effect of social cohesion on levels of recorded crime in disadvantaged areas. Urban Studies. 34: 1275 – 1295.
  • Holtmann, B. & Domingo-Swarts, C. (2008) Current trends and responses to crime in South Africa. Chapter 6: Crime, violence and injury prevention. Accessed on the 11th from http://www.mrc.ac.za/crime/cvi_second_review_ch6.pdf June 2016. Available
  • Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (2014) Fact sheet explaining crime statistics for 2013/14. Pretoria: ISS
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1960) The application of electronic computers to factor analysis.
  • Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20:141 – 151. Kasarda, J. & Janowitz, M. (1974). Community attachment in mass society.
  • American Sociological Review 39: 328 – 39. Laurence, J. & Heath, A. (2008) Prediction of community cohesion: multi-level modelling of the 2005 Citizenship Survey. United Kingdom department for communities and local government. Communities and Local Government
  • Publications. [Accessed: 26/05/2016] Available athttp://www.learningandwork.org.uk/lifelonglearninginquiry/docs/CIT0001.pdf?r edirectedfrom=niace
  • Lee M. R. (2000) Community cohesion and violent predatory victimisation: a theoretical extension and cross-national test of opportunity theory, Social Forces, , 683–706. [Accessed on 20/05/2016]Available at www.doi:10.1093/sf/79.2.68
  • Lev-Wiesel, R. (2002) A model for promoting community cohesion in response to conflict. The journal of specialist in group work, 27(1):32-42
  • Massey, J. L., Krohn, M.D. & Bonati, L. M. (1989) Property crime and the routine activities of individuals. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 26: 378 – 400.
  • Markus, A. (2012). SMI: The Scanlon-Monash Index of Social Cohesion. Fact Sheet 1. October 2012002E
  • National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) (2000) A manual for community based crime prevention: making South Africa safe. Pretoria: NCPC [Accessed: /06/2016] Available at http://www.csir.co.za/Built_environment/docs/Making_South_Africa_Safe.pdf
  • Olutola, A.A. (2014). The ruling political parties and the war against crime and corruption in Nigeria and South Africa: The case of two brothers with headless bodies. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology. Special edition (2): 135-149
  • Palmary, I. (2015) Reflections on social cohesion in contemporary South Africa.
  • Psychology in Society, 49:62-69. [Accessed on 11th June 2016] Available athttp://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8708/2015/n49a5
  • Parliament of Australia. (1998) Immigration, Social Cohesion and National
  • Identity. ResearchPaper No. 1 1997–98, by Prof. Robert Holton. Canberra:
  • Government of the Commonwealthof Australia. Pridemore, W. A. (2007) Change and stability in the characteristics of homicide victims, offenders and incidents during rapid social change. British Journal of Criminology,47:331-34
  • Robinson, D. (2005) The search for community cohesion: key themes and dominant concepts of the public policy agenda. Urban studies, 42(8) 1411-1427
  • Rasool, S., Vermaak, K., Pharoah, R., Louw, A. & Stavrou, A. (2002) Violence against women, a national survey. Pretoria: ISS
  • Samad, Y. (2013) Community cohesion without parallel lives in Bradford, patterns of prejudice 47(3): 267-287. [Accessed: 30/05/2016] available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2013.812343
  • Sampson, R. J. & Groves. W. B. (1989) Community structure and crime: testing social disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology 94: 774 – 802.
  • Sampson, R. J. & Raudenbush, S. (1999) Systematic social observation of public spaces: a new look at disorder in urban neighbourhoods. American Journal of Sociology 105: 603 – 651.
  • Shaw, M. (2000) Crime and Policing in transitions: Comparative Perspectives.
  • Johannesburg: SAIIA Publication Statistics South Africa (SSA) (2014) Victims of crime survey. Pretoria: SSA
  • Wedlock, E. (2006) Crime and cohesive communities. Home Office Online report
  • /06. United Kingdom (UK) Government. [Accessed on: 24/05/2016] available from http://www.bucksdaat.co.uk/attachments/093_crime_cohesive_communities
  • Worley, C. (2005) ‘It’s not about race. It’s about the community’: New labour and community cohesion. Critical social policy, Vol 25(4) 483-496
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 133 - 151, 01.06.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alexander, C. (2004) Imagining the Asian gang: ethnicity, masculinity and youth after “the riots” Critical social policy, 24(4): 525-549
  • Anderson, J.L. (2012) Urban displacement and peacebuilding: an analysis of
  • South African social cohesion interventions. New issues in refugee research. Research paper No. 243 Barolsky, V. (2016). Is social cohesion relevant to a city in the global South? A case study of Khayelitsha Township. South African Crime Quarterly No 55
  • Accessed: 5/06/2016] Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413- /2016/v0n55a753
  • Bello, P. (2015) Examining human trafficking and the response of the South
  • African criminal justice system. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Pretoria: Tshwane University of Technology Berg, J. & Schärf, W. (2004).Crime statistics in South Africa 1994-2003.South
  • African Journal of Criminal Justice, 17:57-78
  • Bourguignon, F. (2001) Crime as a Social Cost of Poverty and Inequality: A
  • Review Focusing on Developing Countries, In Yusuf, S., Evenett, S., & Wu, W. (Eds.), Facets of Globalization. Breetzke, G.D., Landman, K., & Cohn, E.G (2014) Is it safer behind the gates?
  • Crime and gate communities in South Africa.Journal of housing and the built environment, 29(1):123-137
  • Chiu, W., & Madden, P. (1998) Burglary and Income Inequality. Journal of Public Economics, 69: 123-141
  • Chipkin, I. & Ngqulunga, B. (2008) Friends and families: social cohesion in South
  • Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 34(1):61-78
  • Colic-Peisker, V. & Robertson, S. (2015) Social change and community cohesion: an ethnographic study of two Melbourne suburbs, Ethnic and racial studies, (1): 75-91
  • Demack, S., Platts-Fowler, D., Robinson, D., & Wilson, I. (2010) Young People and Cohesion: analysis from the longitudinal study of Young People in England.
  • Research Report (DFE-RR033). United Kingdom (UK): UK Government Department of Education Ehrlich, I. (1973) Participation in illegitimate activities: A theoretical and empirical investigation. The Journal of Political Economy, 81(3):521-565.
  • Engel, L.C., Kington, A. & Mleczko, A. (2013) The influence of education on community cohesion; adaptations of policy to practice, The Journal of educational research 106(5): 404-418
  • Harrison, M. (2005) Introduction. In Harrison, M, Philips, D., Chahal, K., Hunt,
  • L., & Perry, J. Housing, race & community cohesion. Chattered Institute of Housing Policy & Practice. Oxford: Alden press Hipp, J.R. and Steenbeak, W. (2015) Types of crime and types of mechanism: what are the consequences for neighbourhoods over time? Crime & Delinquency:1-32
  • Hirschfield, A. & Bowers, K. J. (1997) The effect of social cohesion on levels of recorded crime in disadvantaged areas. Urban Studies. 34: 1275 – 1295.
  • Holtmann, B. & Domingo-Swarts, C. (2008) Current trends and responses to crime in South Africa. Chapter 6: Crime, violence and injury prevention. Accessed on the 11th from http://www.mrc.ac.za/crime/cvi_second_review_ch6.pdf June 2016. Available
  • Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (2014) Fact sheet explaining crime statistics for 2013/14. Pretoria: ISS
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1960) The application of electronic computers to factor analysis.
  • Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20:141 – 151. Kasarda, J. & Janowitz, M. (1974). Community attachment in mass society.
  • American Sociological Review 39: 328 – 39. Laurence, J. & Heath, A. (2008) Prediction of community cohesion: multi-level modelling of the 2005 Citizenship Survey. United Kingdom department for communities and local government. Communities and Local Government
  • Publications. [Accessed: 26/05/2016] Available athttp://www.learningandwork.org.uk/lifelonglearninginquiry/docs/CIT0001.pdf?r edirectedfrom=niace
  • Lee M. R. (2000) Community cohesion and violent predatory victimisation: a theoretical extension and cross-national test of opportunity theory, Social Forces, , 683–706. [Accessed on 20/05/2016]Available at www.doi:10.1093/sf/79.2.68
  • Lev-Wiesel, R. (2002) A model for promoting community cohesion in response to conflict. The journal of specialist in group work, 27(1):32-42
  • Massey, J. L., Krohn, M.D. & Bonati, L. M. (1989) Property crime and the routine activities of individuals. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 26: 378 – 400.
  • Markus, A. (2012). SMI: The Scanlon-Monash Index of Social Cohesion. Fact Sheet 1. October 2012002E
  • National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC) (2000) A manual for community based crime prevention: making South Africa safe. Pretoria: NCPC [Accessed: /06/2016] Available at http://www.csir.co.za/Built_environment/docs/Making_South_Africa_Safe.pdf
  • Olutola, A.A. (2014). The ruling political parties and the war against crime and corruption in Nigeria and South Africa: The case of two brothers with headless bodies. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology. Special edition (2): 135-149
  • Palmary, I. (2015) Reflections on social cohesion in contemporary South Africa.
  • Psychology in Society, 49:62-69. [Accessed on 11th June 2016] Available athttp://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8708/2015/n49a5
  • Parliament of Australia. (1998) Immigration, Social Cohesion and National
  • Identity. ResearchPaper No. 1 1997–98, by Prof. Robert Holton. Canberra:
  • Government of the Commonwealthof Australia. Pridemore, W. A. (2007) Change and stability in the characteristics of homicide victims, offenders and incidents during rapid social change. British Journal of Criminology,47:331-34
  • Robinson, D. (2005) The search for community cohesion: key themes and dominant concepts of the public policy agenda. Urban studies, 42(8) 1411-1427
  • Rasool, S., Vermaak, K., Pharoah, R., Louw, A. & Stavrou, A. (2002) Violence against women, a national survey. Pretoria: ISS
  • Samad, Y. (2013) Community cohesion without parallel lives in Bradford, patterns of prejudice 47(3): 267-287. [Accessed: 30/05/2016] available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2013.812343
  • Sampson, R. J. & Groves. W. B. (1989) Community structure and crime: testing social disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology 94: 774 – 802.
  • Sampson, R. J. & Raudenbush, S. (1999) Systematic social observation of public spaces: a new look at disorder in urban neighbourhoods. American Journal of Sociology 105: 603 – 651.
  • Shaw, M. (2000) Crime and Policing in transitions: Comparative Perspectives.
  • Johannesburg: SAIIA Publication Statistics South Africa (SSA) (2014) Victims of crime survey. Pretoria: SSA
  • Wedlock, E. (2006) Crime and cohesive communities. Home Office Online report
  • /06. United Kingdom (UK) Government. [Accessed on: 24/05/2016] available from http://www.bucksdaat.co.uk/attachments/093_crime_cohesive_communities
  • Worley, C. (2005) ‘It’s not about race. It’s about the community’: New labour and community cohesion. Critical social policy, Vol 25(4) 483-496
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA48JD96DM
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

A. A. Olutola Dr. Bu kişi benim

P. O. Bello Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dr., A. A. O., & Bello, P. O. (2016). EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 8(1), 133-151.
AMA Dr. AAO, Bello PO. EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. IJ-SSHS. Haziran 2016;8(1):133-151.
Chicago Dr., A. A. Olutola, ve P. O. Bello. “EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 8, sy. 1 (Haziran 2016): 133-51.
EndNote Dr. AAO, Bello PO (01 Haziran 2016) EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 8 1 133–151.
IEEE A. A. O. Dr. ve P. O. Bello, “EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA”, IJ-SSHS, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 133–151, 2016.
ISNAD Dr., A. A. Olutola - Bello, P. O. “EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 8/1 (Haziran 2016), 133-151.
JAMA Dr. AAO, Bello PO. EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. IJ-SSHS. 2016;8:133–151.
MLA Dr., A. A. Olutola ve P. O. Bello. “EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, c. 8, sy. 1, 2016, ss. 133-51.
Vancouver Dr. AAO, Bello PO. EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY COHESION AND CRIME IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. IJ-SSHS. 2016;8(1):133-51.