Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 116 - 145, 01.01.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Africa Check. (2015/16). Africa Check Factsheet: South Africa’s 2015/16 crime statistics. [Online]. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-09-02-africa-check-factsheet-southafricas-201516-crime-statistics/. Accessed: 2017/03/15.
  • All Africa. (2017). South Africa: R48 Million to Fight Cross Border Crime in KZN. 14 March. [Online]. http://allafrica.com/stories/201703140784.html. Accessed: 2017/03/15.
  • BKB. (2018). Livestock theft must be reported. https://www.bkb.co.za/15603-2/. Accessed: 2017/02/02.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. 4 th ed. New York: University Press.
  • Business Tech. (2015). 2015 crime stats for South Africa: everything you need to know. September 29 [Online]. https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/99648/2015-crime-statsfor-south-africa-everything-you-need-to-know/. Accessed: 2017/03/15.
  • Business Tech. (2017). The three most hijacked cars in South Africa. [Online]. https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/182049/these-are-the-3-most-hijacked-cars-in-southafrica/. Accessed: 23/11/2017.
  • Clack, W. (S.a). Livestock theft: lies, damn lies and statistics. [Online]. http://www.rpo.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/3-Livestock-nasionale-Kongres.pdf Accessed: 2018/01/30.
  • Crime Statistics South Africa. (2015). National Stats: Property-related Crimes - Stock theft. [Online] http://www.crimestatssa.com/national.php. Accessed: 2018/01/30.
  • Crime Statistics South Africa. (2015). Property-related crimes - Stock theft: Worst ten precincts in 2017 - Worst ten precincts: largest number of reported crimes. [Online]. http://www.crimestatssa.com/topten.php. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • Crime Statistics South Africa. (2015). Property-related crimes - Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle: Worst ten precincts in 2017 - Worst ten precincts: largest number of reported crimes. [Online]. http://www.crimestatssa.com/topten.php. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide: for small-scale social research projects. 4 thed. New York: Open University Press.
  • De vos, A.S., Strydom, H., Fouché, C.B & Delport, C.S.L. (2011). Research at Grass Roots, for the social science and human service professions. Van Schaik: Pretoria.
  • Erasmus, J.M. (2012). Armed robbery: Offenders and their victims. Springfield: Charles Thomas Publications.
  • European Commission. (2017). Migration and home affairs - Organised Crime and Human Trafficking. [Online]. https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/organised-crimeand-human-trafficking_en. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Ewi, M. (2017). South Africa must move beyond its organised crime clichés. 15 August, Institute of Security Studies [Online]. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/south-africa-must-movebeyond-its-organised-crime-cliches. Accessed: 2017/11/28. Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to quantitative research. 5 th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Geldenhuys, K. (2015). Organised crime-vehicle crime. Servamus Safety and Security magazine 103(4):38-41.
  • Goga, K. (2015). The business of (dis)organised crime in South Africa. 25 August, Institute of Security Studies [Online]. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=40440:issthe-business-of-disorganised-crime-in-south-africa&catid=3:Civil%20Security. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Gough, D., Oliver, S & Thomas, J. (2012). An introduction to systematic reviews. London: Sage.
  • Gqirana, T. (2017). Crime stats: slight decrease in farm murders, stock theft on rise. 03 March. News24 [Online]. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/crime-stats-slightdecrease-in-farm-murders-stock-theft-on-rise-20170303 Accessed: 2017/02/02.
  • Hubschle, A. (2010). Organised crime in Southern Africa First annual review. The Organised Crime and Money Laundering Programme (OCML) at the Institute for Security Studies: Pretoria.
  • James, C. (2017). Carjacking in South Africa: Exploring its consequences for victims. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 30(2).
  • Kumar, R. (2014). Research Methodology. A step by step guide for beginners. 4 th ed. London: SAGE.
  • Madisha, K & Zwane, N. (2017). Stock theft of the rise in South Africa. 13 August, African News Network [Online]. http://www.ann7.com/stock-theft-of-the-rise-in-sa/ Accessed: 2017/02/02.
  • Maree, K. (2007). First Steps in Research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
  • Martin, K. (2017). Measures to combat organised crime within African nations. Johannesburg Model United Nation 2017 General Assembly 4 [Online]. https://www.aisjjhb.com/uploaded/2016-17/Student_Life/JoMUN/JoMUN_Website/CombatCrime_Final.pdf Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Matthews, B. & Ross, L. (2010). Research methods. A practical guide for the social sciences. Essex: Pearson.
  • Muijs, D. 2010. Doing Qualitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2nd ed. London: SAGE National Crime Prevention Forum. (2017). Press release (for immediate release) - Crime statistics: livestock theft. http://www.rpo.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Crime-statisticslivestock-theft.pdf. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • Myerson, L. (2015). Hijackings, bursaries and serious crimes. Sandton: LAD Publications.
  • Ndlazi, S. (2017). Project launched for developing Africa’s response to organised crime. 21 September, Pretoria News [Online]. https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/project-launchedfor-developing-africas-response-to-organised-crime-11308112. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 7 th ed. Boston: Pearson. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITY STUDIES
  • Ngobese, S, Karuri-Sebina, G., Skade, M., Kriegler, A., Shaw, M., Lamb, G., Wegner, E & Smith, T. (2017). The State of Urban safety in South Africa report. South African Cities Network (SACN): Bloemfontein.
  • NUMBEO. (2017). Crime Index 2017 Mid-Year. [Online] https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings.jsp. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • NUMBEO. (2017). Crime in South Africa. [Online]. https://www.numbeo.com/crime/country_result.jsp?country=South+Africa. Accessed: 2017/12/04.
  • Punch, K.F. (2014). Introduction to special research. Quantitative & qualitative research. 3rded. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Silverman, D. (2014). Interpreting qualitative data. 5 th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Soccer Laduma. (2015). Komphela’s Greatest Quotes. [Online]. https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/fan-park/update/update/4613. Accessed: 2017/11/24.
  • Stewart, N.P. (2002). A criminological study of robbery. Master`s dissertation. Pretoria: University of Pretoria.
  • Statistics of South Africa. (2015/16). Victims of Crime Survey. Statistical Release, P0341: Pretoria.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). Emerging Crimes. [Online]. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/emerging-crimes.html. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). Organised crime. [Online]. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro.html. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Welman, C, Kruger, F & Mitchell, B. (2005). Research Methodology. 3 rd edition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
  • Zinn, R. (2017). The policing of robbery with aggravating circumstances: case studies of incarcerated offenders of home invasions, carjackings and cash-in-transit heists in South Africa. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 30(2).

THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 116 - 145, 01.01.2019

Öz

One of the greatest quotes by the former Kaizer Chiefs Football Club (FC) and current (2018)
Bloemfontein Celtic FC coach (Steve Komphela) reads as follows: “We did not play well, but
we won, we now have to wait for the next team. We go on; we hope to improve from here.
[Statistics are like a bikini, they do not reveal everything]” uttered after an unconvincing win
(Soccer Laduma, 2015). The purpose of this paper is not to discuss the above quotation,
however, to illustrate that there is truth in it when assessing the prevalence of hijacking of
motor vehicles (carjacking) and stock theft (livestock) statistics as part of organised crossborder crimes in South Africa.
Ewi (2017) provides that organised (cross-border) crimes are becoming serious and growing
menace in South Africa, with its debilitating social and economic effects on the country, this
requires immediate attention. However, the sources of organised crime and its perpetrators
are highly contested. National Stock Theft Prevention Forum (2017) provides that the release
of the crime statistics by the South African Police Service (SAPS) on 3 March 2017 to the
Portfolio Committee was awaited with enthusiasm as it was the first time in years to be made
available on quarterly basis. The major challenge on these statistics was that for so many
years’ crime statistics were only provided per year. The release of these statistics; now in a
trimester period provided an opportunity to make comparisons and conclusions. The SAPS
and Statistics South Africa (Stats South Africa) reported an increase of 3% in non-reporting
and a 2% increase in livestock theft underlining the argument of the three kinds of lies: lies,
damned lies, and statistics as popularised in United States by Mark Twain (among others),
attributing it to the British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. The Victims of Crime Survey
[VOCS] (2015/16) records that about 86,9% of incidents of hijacking of motor vehicles were
reported to the local SAPS. Furthermore, this crime was the most reported individual,
registering between 80% -100% incident during the period 2012 and 2015/16. Hijacking of
motor vehicles (43,3%) were further mostly reported to insurance companies and guns were
mainly used by perpetrators when committing this crime (75,5%).
This paper adopted a quantitative research approach, with the use of systematic review of
literature, mainly focusing on hijacking of motor vehicle and stock theft available statistical
data. Prior research has presented these statistics without comparing financial years of the
selected crimes. The present study fills this lacuna by comparing statistics restricted from
2007-to-2018 across South Africa (i.e. 10 years’ projection). The most important findings of
this paper are that the prevalence of hijacking of motor vehicles and stock theft is common
and highly organised in nature, while the statistical significance remains inconsistent, leading to weak and doubtful reliance and arguments on them by the masses and it is recommended
that the relevant stakeholders must initiate channels characterised by accurate, valid and
reliable information, coupled with proper joint intelligence operations and strong compatible
national legislations. Communities should provide detailed information on these crime
activities, more reliance on community policing for information sharing.

Kaynakça

  • Africa Check. (2015/16). Africa Check Factsheet: South Africa’s 2015/16 crime statistics. [Online]. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-09-02-africa-check-factsheet-southafricas-201516-crime-statistics/. Accessed: 2017/03/15.
  • All Africa. (2017). South Africa: R48 Million to Fight Cross Border Crime in KZN. 14 March. [Online]. http://allafrica.com/stories/201703140784.html. Accessed: 2017/03/15.
  • BKB. (2018). Livestock theft must be reported. https://www.bkb.co.za/15603-2/. Accessed: 2017/02/02.
  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. 4 th ed. New York: University Press.
  • Business Tech. (2015). 2015 crime stats for South Africa: everything you need to know. September 29 [Online]. https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/99648/2015-crime-statsfor-south-africa-everything-you-need-to-know/. Accessed: 2017/03/15.
  • Business Tech. (2017). The three most hijacked cars in South Africa. [Online]. https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/182049/these-are-the-3-most-hijacked-cars-in-southafrica/. Accessed: 23/11/2017.
  • Clack, W. (S.a). Livestock theft: lies, damn lies and statistics. [Online]. http://www.rpo.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/3-Livestock-nasionale-Kongres.pdf Accessed: 2018/01/30.
  • Crime Statistics South Africa. (2015). National Stats: Property-related Crimes - Stock theft. [Online] http://www.crimestatssa.com/national.php. Accessed: 2018/01/30.
  • Crime Statistics South Africa. (2015). Property-related crimes - Stock theft: Worst ten precincts in 2017 - Worst ten precincts: largest number of reported crimes. [Online]. http://www.crimestatssa.com/topten.php. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • Crime Statistics South Africa. (2015). Property-related crimes - Theft of motor vehicle and motorcycle: Worst ten precincts in 2017 - Worst ten precincts: largest number of reported crimes. [Online]. http://www.crimestatssa.com/topten.php. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide: for small-scale social research projects. 4 thed. New York: Open University Press.
  • De vos, A.S., Strydom, H., Fouché, C.B & Delport, C.S.L. (2011). Research at Grass Roots, for the social science and human service professions. Van Schaik: Pretoria.
  • Erasmus, J.M. (2012). Armed robbery: Offenders and their victims. Springfield: Charles Thomas Publications.
  • European Commission. (2017). Migration and home affairs - Organised Crime and Human Trafficking. [Online]. https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/organised-crimeand-human-trafficking_en. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Ewi, M. (2017). South Africa must move beyond its organised crime clichés. 15 August, Institute of Security Studies [Online]. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/south-africa-must-movebeyond-its-organised-crime-cliches. Accessed: 2017/11/28. Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to quantitative research. 5 th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Geldenhuys, K. (2015). Organised crime-vehicle crime. Servamus Safety and Security magazine 103(4):38-41.
  • Goga, K. (2015). The business of (dis)organised crime in South Africa. 25 August, Institute of Security Studies [Online]. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=40440:issthe-business-of-disorganised-crime-in-south-africa&catid=3:Civil%20Security. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Gough, D., Oliver, S & Thomas, J. (2012). An introduction to systematic reviews. London: Sage.
  • Gqirana, T. (2017). Crime stats: slight decrease in farm murders, stock theft on rise. 03 March. News24 [Online]. https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/crime-stats-slightdecrease-in-farm-murders-stock-theft-on-rise-20170303 Accessed: 2017/02/02.
  • Hubschle, A. (2010). Organised crime in Southern Africa First annual review. The Organised Crime and Money Laundering Programme (OCML) at the Institute for Security Studies: Pretoria.
  • James, C. (2017). Carjacking in South Africa: Exploring its consequences for victims. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 30(2).
  • Kumar, R. (2014). Research Methodology. A step by step guide for beginners. 4 th ed. London: SAGE.
  • Madisha, K & Zwane, N. (2017). Stock theft of the rise in South Africa. 13 August, African News Network [Online]. http://www.ann7.com/stock-theft-of-the-rise-in-sa/ Accessed: 2017/02/02.
  • Maree, K. (2007). First Steps in Research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
  • Martin, K. (2017). Measures to combat organised crime within African nations. Johannesburg Model United Nation 2017 General Assembly 4 [Online]. https://www.aisjjhb.com/uploaded/2016-17/Student_Life/JoMUN/JoMUN_Website/CombatCrime_Final.pdf Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Matthews, B. & Ross, L. (2010). Research methods. A practical guide for the social sciences. Essex: Pearson.
  • Muijs, D. 2010. Doing Qualitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2nd ed. London: SAGE National Crime Prevention Forum. (2017). Press release (for immediate release) - Crime statistics: livestock theft. http://www.rpo.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Crime-statisticslivestock-theft.pdf. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • Myerson, L. (2015). Hijackings, bursaries and serious crimes. Sandton: LAD Publications.
  • Ndlazi, S. (2017). Project launched for developing Africa’s response to organised crime. 21 September, Pretoria News [Online]. https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/project-launchedfor-developing-africas-response-to-organised-crime-11308112. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 7 th ed. Boston: Pearson. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITY STUDIES
  • Ngobese, S, Karuri-Sebina, G., Skade, M., Kriegler, A., Shaw, M., Lamb, G., Wegner, E & Smith, T. (2017). The State of Urban safety in South Africa report. South African Cities Network (SACN): Bloemfontein.
  • NUMBEO. (2017). Crime Index 2017 Mid-Year. [Online] https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings.jsp. Accessed: 2017/11/23.
  • NUMBEO. (2017). Crime in South Africa. [Online]. https://www.numbeo.com/crime/country_result.jsp?country=South+Africa. Accessed: 2017/12/04.
  • Punch, K.F. (2014). Introduction to special research. Quantitative & qualitative research. 3rded. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Silverman, D. (2014). Interpreting qualitative data. 5 th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Soccer Laduma. (2015). Komphela’s Greatest Quotes. [Online]. https://www.soccerladuma.co.za/fan-park/update/update/4613. Accessed: 2017/11/24.
  • Stewart, N.P. (2002). A criminological study of robbery. Master`s dissertation. Pretoria: University of Pretoria.
  • Statistics of South Africa. (2015/16). Victims of Crime Survey. Statistical Release, P0341: Pretoria.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). Emerging Crimes. [Online]. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro/emerging-crimes.html. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). Organised crime. [Online]. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/intro.html. Accessed: 2017/11/28.
  • Welman, C, Kruger, F & Mitchell, B. (2005). Research Methodology. 3 rd edition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
  • Zinn, R. (2017). The policing of robbery with aggravating circumstances: case studies of incarcerated offenders of home invasions, carjackings and cash-in-transit heists in South Africa. Acta Criminologica: Southern African Journal of Criminology, 30(2).
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Witness Maluleke Bu kişi benim

Siyanda Dlamini Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Maluleke, W., & Dlamini, S. (2019). THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 11(1), 116-145.
AMA Maluleke W, Dlamini S. THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES. IJ-SSHS. Ocak 2019;11(1):116-145.
Chicago Maluleke, Witness, ve Siyanda Dlamini. “THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 11, sy. 1 (Ocak 2019): 116-45.
EndNote Maluleke W, Dlamini S (01 Ocak 2019) THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 11 1 116–145.
IEEE W. Maluleke ve S. Dlamini, “THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES”, IJ-SSHS, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 116–145, 2019.
ISNAD Maluleke, Witness - Dlamini, Siyanda. “THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 11/1 (Ocak 2019), 116-145.
JAMA Maluleke W, Dlamini S. THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES. IJ-SSHS. 2019;11:116–145.
MLA Maluleke, Witness ve Siyanda Dlamini. “THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, c. 11, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 116-45.
Vancouver Maluleke W, Dlamini S. THE PREVALENCE OF ORGANISED CROSS-BORDER CRIMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NON-EMPIRICAL STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS ON STOCK THEFT AND HIJACKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES. IJ-SSHS. 2019;11(1):116-45.