Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 207 - 221, 19.02.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • African Union Sport Council Region 5 (AUSC Region 5) (2019). AUSC Region 5 (Strategic Plan 2013-2018). https://www.auscregion5.org.bw/about-the-ausc-region-5/#. Accessed 2019/04/11. Bakang, P. (2017). Gender Mainstreaming in Sports Concern. https://web.facebook.com/BotswanaGovernment/. Accessed 2019/04/11. Bangani, A. (2019). Factors influencing the Implementation of the Strategic Framework for Gender Equality within the South African Public Service. Master’s Dissertation. Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. Burnett, C. (2018). Politics of Gender (In)Equality Relating to Sport and Development Within a Sub-Saharan Context of Poverty. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2018.00027/full. Accessed 2019/03/07. Carnegie, D. (2018). Sport for All. https://www.pressreader.com/. Accessed 2019/03/07. Fasting, K., Huffman, D. & Sand, T.S. (2014). Gender, Participation and Leadership in Sport in Southern Africa: A Baseline Study. Oslo, Norway: The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports. Garos, C. (2000). Women’s Participation in Sport is a Human Right – Also in Africa. https://www.playthegame.org/news/news-articles/2000/womens-participation-in-sport-is-a-human-right-also-in-africa/. Accessed 2019/04/11. Gender Links. (1970). Media can Promote Women in Sport. https://genderlinks.org.za/programme-web-menu/media-can-promote-women-in-sport-2009-06-29/. Accessed 2019/05/01. Good Hope Studies (2018). Sports for Development. https://www.ghs.co.za/nc/volunteering/our-volunteer-projects/project-list/detail/name/a/b/sports-for-development.html. Accessed 2019/03/11. Hylton, K. & Totten, M. (2001). Developing sport for all: Addressing inequality in sport. In K. Hylton, P. Bramham, M. Nesti & D. Jackson (Eds.) Sports Development; Policy, Process and Practice (pp. 42-76). London, United Kingdom: Routledge. International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2018a). The Push for Gender Equality in Sport is Building Momentum. https://www.olympic.org/news/the-push-for-gender-equality-in-sport-is-building-momentum. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2018b). Women in Sport Commission. https://www.olympic.org/women-in-sport-commission. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018a). 1st IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Challenge of Change2. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/03/09. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018b). 2nd IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Windhoek 1998: Reaching out for Change. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018c). 3rd IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Montreal 2002/Investing in Change. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018d). 4th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Kumamoto 2006 – Participating in Change. http://iwg-gti.org/e/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018e). 5th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Play, Think, Change. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018f). 6th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: The Legacy Document. http://iwg-gti.org/common_up/iwg-new/files/. Accessed 2019/05/07. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018g). 7th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Determine the Future: Be Part of the Change. http://iwg-gti.org/ie/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2018c). Gender Equality Review Project. https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/ News/2018/03/IOC-Gender-Equality-Report-March-2018.pdf. Accessed 2019/05/11. Kali, M. (2018). Women empowerment in Lesotho: Reality and/or myth? International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(03), 52-59. Keaney, M. (2006). How to Use Sport as a Tool to Promote Gender Equity in Botswana. Ottawa, Canada: Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University. Kelinske, B., Mayer, B.W. & Chen, K-L. (2001). Perceived benefits from participation in sports: A gender study. Women in Management Review, 16(2), 75-84. Lesotho News. (2015). Lesotho Launches Women Leader’s Sports Development Program 2015. https://lesotho-blanketwrap.com/2015/lesotho-communtity-development/lesotho-launches-women-leaders-sports-development-programme/. Accessed 2019/03/06. Mwambwa, L. (2013). Opportunities and Challenges for Women and Sport in Africa. https://www.sportanddev.org/fr/article/news/opportunities-and-challenges-women-and-sport-africa. Accessed 2019/04/05. Namibian Sun. (2018). Poverty Prevents Women’s Sport Participation. https://www.namibiansun.com/news/poverty-prevents-womens-sport-participation-iivula-ithana. Accessed 2019/04/06. New Era. (2019). AUSC Region 5 Wants More Women in Sports Leadership Positions. https://neweralive.na/posts/ausc-region-5-wants-more-women-in-sports-leadership-positions. Accessed 2019/04/06. Shehu, J. (2018). Gender, Sport and Development in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Patterns of Representations and Marginalization. Oxford: African Books Collective. Shodhganga (2008). Chapter 1: Introduction. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/. Accessed 2019/05/07. Sibanda, N. (2015). Challenges and Prospects of the South African Women Empowerment and Gender Equality Bill. Master’s Dissertation. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. Singh, T.L. & Naidoo, L.D. (2017). Assessing gender inequality in South Africa: A case study of women in sports management. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management (JRBEM), 8(2), 1407-1428. Surujlal, J. & Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2015). The glass ceiling in sport coaching: Perceived challenges of female coaches. African Journal for Physical, Health, Education, Recreation and Dance, 1, 80-94. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (2008). Gender & Sport: Mainstreaming Gender in Sports Projects. https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/deza/en/documents/themen/gender/63847-gender-sport_EN.pdf. Accessed 2019/05/09. The Conversation Africa. (2018). South Africa Needs to Do More to Promote Women in Sports. https://theconversation.com/south-africa-needs-to-do-more-to-promote-women-in-sports-73704. Accessed 2019/05/11. United Nations (UN) (2000). Women, Gender Equality and Sport. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/Women%20and%20Sport.pdf. Accessed 2019/10/07. United Nations (UN) (2007). Women 2000 and Beyond: Women, Gender Equality and Sport. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2007/12/women2000-and-beyond-women-gender-equality-and-sport. Accessed 2019/05/09. United Nations (UN) (2018). 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/. Accessed 2019/04/06. United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace (2019). Sport and the Sustainable Development Goals: An Overview Outlining the Contribution of Sport to the SDGs. https://www.un.org/sport/sites/www.un.org.sport/files/ckfiles/files/Sport_for_SDGs_finalversion9.pdf. Accessed 2019/04/08. Uugwanga, M. (2014). NAWISA Slams Sport Administration. http://www.informante.web.na/. Accessed 2019/04/09. Verloo, M. (2007). Multiple Meanings of Gender Equality: A Critical Frame Analysis of Gender Policies in Europe. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. Visvanathan, N. (1997). Introduction to Part 1. In N. Visvanathan, L. Duggan, L. Nisonoff & N. Wiegersma (Eds.) The Women, Gender and Development Reader (pp. 17-22). London: Zed Books. Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2017). Gender mainstreaming in local economic development processes: A South African perspective. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 9(2), 167-180. Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. & Surujlal, J. (2018). Assessing gender equality in the South African sports sector. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 10(1), 294-310. Youth Development through Football (YDF) Project (2018). YDF in Swaziland: Contributing to the Country’s Future through Football. http://www.za-ydf.org/pages/swaziland/. Accessed 2019/05/09.

GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 207 - 221, 19.02.2020

Öz

Africa is a patriarchal society where men dominate those sectors that are considered masculine. Sport is traditionally considered a masculine activity, hence it still creates gender segregation; side-lining women from participating in sport activities and being represented in sport management structures. The aim of this article is to explore the status of gender equality in the sport sector in the Southern African context. The following 10 countries constitute African Union Sports Council (AUSC) Region 5: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Following a multidisciplinary research perspective, the author conducted a literature survey, document analysis, and desktop review of the challenges and realities of gender equality in the sport sector covering selected AUSC Region 5 countries in Southern Africa. Utilising a qualitative research approach, this article explores the need for gender equality in the sport sector. The findings confirm that although there is a gender-biased approach in the sport sector that can lead to social and economic development of society, it can be a platform to empower girls and women; however, a stereotypical mentality, socioeconomic barriers, and cultural norms still restrict female participation and representation in sport-related activities and processes. This article discusses these challenges and offers solutions for improvement. The article discusses that there are transformative changes in the world that force social inclusion of women in all aspects of life, including sports. These transformative changes require governments and sports organisations to reform their policies to make them more gender inclusive. This is an aspect of ongoing debates in country-specific contexts.

Kaynakça

  • African Union Sport Council Region 5 (AUSC Region 5) (2019). AUSC Region 5 (Strategic Plan 2013-2018). https://www.auscregion5.org.bw/about-the-ausc-region-5/#. Accessed 2019/04/11. Bakang, P. (2017). Gender Mainstreaming in Sports Concern. https://web.facebook.com/BotswanaGovernment/. Accessed 2019/04/11. Bangani, A. (2019). Factors influencing the Implementation of the Strategic Framework for Gender Equality within the South African Public Service. Master’s Dissertation. Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. Burnett, C. (2018). Politics of Gender (In)Equality Relating to Sport and Development Within a Sub-Saharan Context of Poverty. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2018.00027/full. Accessed 2019/03/07. Carnegie, D. (2018). Sport for All. https://www.pressreader.com/. Accessed 2019/03/07. Fasting, K., Huffman, D. & Sand, T.S. (2014). Gender, Participation and Leadership in Sport in Southern Africa: A Baseline Study. Oslo, Norway: The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports. Garos, C. (2000). Women’s Participation in Sport is a Human Right – Also in Africa. https://www.playthegame.org/news/news-articles/2000/womens-participation-in-sport-is-a-human-right-also-in-africa/. Accessed 2019/04/11. Gender Links. (1970). Media can Promote Women in Sport. https://genderlinks.org.za/programme-web-menu/media-can-promote-women-in-sport-2009-06-29/. Accessed 2019/05/01. Good Hope Studies (2018). Sports for Development. https://www.ghs.co.za/nc/volunteering/our-volunteer-projects/project-list/detail/name/a/b/sports-for-development.html. Accessed 2019/03/11. Hylton, K. & Totten, M. (2001). Developing sport for all: Addressing inequality in sport. In K. Hylton, P. Bramham, M. Nesti & D. Jackson (Eds.) Sports Development; Policy, Process and Practice (pp. 42-76). London, United Kingdom: Routledge. International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2018a). The Push for Gender Equality in Sport is Building Momentum. https://www.olympic.org/news/the-push-for-gender-equality-in-sport-is-building-momentum. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2018b). Women in Sport Commission. https://www.olympic.org/women-in-sport-commission. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018a). 1st IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Challenge of Change2. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/03/09. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018b). 2nd IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Windhoek 1998: Reaching out for Change. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018c). 3rd IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Montreal 2002/Investing in Change. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018d). 4th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Kumamoto 2006 – Participating in Change. http://iwg-gti.org/e/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018e). 5th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Play, Think, Change. http://iwg-gti.org/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018f). 6th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: The Legacy Document. http://iwg-gti.org/common_up/iwg-new/files/. Accessed 2019/05/07. International Working Group on Women and Sport (IWG) (2018g). 7th IWG World Conference on Women and Sport: Determine the Future: Be Part of the Change. http://iwg-gti.org/ie/. Accessed 2019/05/11. International Olympic Committee (IOC) (2018c). Gender Equality Review Project. https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/ News/2018/03/IOC-Gender-Equality-Report-March-2018.pdf. Accessed 2019/05/11. Kali, M. (2018). Women empowerment in Lesotho: Reality and/or myth? International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(03), 52-59. Keaney, M. (2006). How to Use Sport as a Tool to Promote Gender Equity in Botswana. Ottawa, Canada: Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University. Kelinske, B., Mayer, B.W. & Chen, K-L. (2001). Perceived benefits from participation in sports: A gender study. Women in Management Review, 16(2), 75-84. Lesotho News. (2015). Lesotho Launches Women Leader’s Sports Development Program 2015. https://lesotho-blanketwrap.com/2015/lesotho-communtity-development/lesotho-launches-women-leaders-sports-development-programme/. Accessed 2019/03/06. Mwambwa, L. (2013). Opportunities and Challenges for Women and Sport in Africa. https://www.sportanddev.org/fr/article/news/opportunities-and-challenges-women-and-sport-africa. Accessed 2019/04/05. Namibian Sun. (2018). Poverty Prevents Women’s Sport Participation. https://www.namibiansun.com/news/poverty-prevents-womens-sport-participation-iivula-ithana. Accessed 2019/04/06. New Era. (2019). AUSC Region 5 Wants More Women in Sports Leadership Positions. https://neweralive.na/posts/ausc-region-5-wants-more-women-in-sports-leadership-positions. Accessed 2019/04/06. Shehu, J. (2018). Gender, Sport and Development in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Patterns of Representations and Marginalization. Oxford: African Books Collective. Shodhganga (2008). Chapter 1: Introduction. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/. Accessed 2019/05/07. Sibanda, N. (2015). Challenges and Prospects of the South African Women Empowerment and Gender Equality Bill. Master’s Dissertation. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand. Singh, T.L. & Naidoo, L.D. (2017). Assessing gender inequality in South Africa: A case study of women in sports management. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management (JRBEM), 8(2), 1407-1428. Surujlal, J. & Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2015). The glass ceiling in sport coaching: Perceived challenges of female coaches. African Journal for Physical, Health, Education, Recreation and Dance, 1, 80-94. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (2008). Gender & Sport: Mainstreaming Gender in Sports Projects. https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/deza/en/documents/themen/gender/63847-gender-sport_EN.pdf. Accessed 2019/05/09. The Conversation Africa. (2018). South Africa Needs to Do More to Promote Women in Sports. https://theconversation.com/south-africa-needs-to-do-more-to-promote-women-in-sports-73704. Accessed 2019/05/11. United Nations (UN) (2000). Women, Gender Equality and Sport. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/public/Women%20and%20Sport.pdf. Accessed 2019/10/07. United Nations (UN) (2007). Women 2000 and Beyond: Women, Gender Equality and Sport. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2007/12/women2000-and-beyond-women-gender-equality-and-sport. Accessed 2019/05/09. United Nations (UN) (2018). 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/. Accessed 2019/04/06. United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace (2019). Sport and the Sustainable Development Goals: An Overview Outlining the Contribution of Sport to the SDGs. https://www.un.org/sport/sites/www.un.org.sport/files/ckfiles/files/Sport_for_SDGs_finalversion9.pdf. Accessed 2019/04/08. Uugwanga, M. (2014). NAWISA Slams Sport Administration. http://www.informante.web.na/. Accessed 2019/04/09. Verloo, M. (2007). Multiple Meanings of Gender Equality: A Critical Frame Analysis of Gender Policies in Europe. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. Visvanathan, N. (1997). Introduction to Part 1. In N. Visvanathan, L. Duggan, L. Nisonoff & N. Wiegersma (Eds.) The Women, Gender and Development Reader (pp. 17-22). London: Zed Books. Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2017). Gender mainstreaming in local economic development processes: A South African perspective. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 9(2), 167-180. Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. & Surujlal, J. (2018). Assessing gender equality in the South African sports sector. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 10(1), 294-310. Youth Development through Football (YDF) Project (2018). YDF in Swaziland: Contributing to the Country’s Future through Football. http://www.za-ydf.org/pages/swaziland/. Accessed 2019/05/09.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Shikha Vyas-doorgapersad Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Vyas-doorgapersad, S. (2020). GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 12(1), 207-221.
AMA Vyas-doorgapersad S. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES. IJ-SSHS. Şubat 2020;12(1):207-221.
Chicago Vyas-doorgapersad, Shikha. “GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 12, sy. 1 (Şubat 2020): 207-21.
EndNote Vyas-doorgapersad S (01 Şubat 2020) GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 12 1 207–221.
IEEE S. Vyas-doorgapersad, “GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES”, IJ-SSHS, c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 207–221, 2020.
ISNAD Vyas-doorgapersad, Shikha. “GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 12/1 (Şubat 2020), 207-221.
JAMA Vyas-doorgapersad S. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES. IJ-SSHS. 2020;12:207–221.
MLA Vyas-doorgapersad, Shikha. “GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, c. 12, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 207-21.
Vancouver Vyas-doorgapersad S. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE SPORT SECTOR: THE CASE OF SELECTED SOUTHERN AFRICAN COUNTRIES. IJ-SSHS. 2020;12(1):207-21.