A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION

Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 1 Mart 2017
  • Rodrıgo Fagundes Cezar
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A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

In the last decade, the promotion of labor standards has emerged as a key negotiation objective in the trade strategies of both the US and EU. These actors, by not being able to bring labor standards to the framework of WTO because of the opposition of the developing countries, engaged on the promotion of labor standards via preferential trade agreements PTAs . When it comes to negotiating these agreements, however, in spite of the similar rhetoric and similar results in the implementation of PTAs’ labor clauses, United States and European Union have different approaches to enforcement – legal-based enforcement in the US, contrasting with a non-vigorous approach focusing on cooperation in the EU. This seems contradictory, given that EU countries’ in average have stronger trade unions and more labor rights protection than in comparison with the US. While some works attribute this to the low politicization of European institutions in relation to US institutions – which supposedly grants more access of labor preferences in the voting stage – it does not solve this puzzle, given that there are works reinforcing that political cleavages may exert substantive influence in the EU policymaking process. Thus, what is the explanation for these different approaches? I assume that an answer can be found in the domestic politics of each actor. The aim of this paper is to provide initial elements to respond to that question by focusing on a theoretical possibility of such an inward looking perspective. Such an endeavor is challenging given the multitude of actors participating in the policy process. Given that, this work will focus on the relationship among distinct policy actors in the form of policy networks. It offers a matrix from which it is possible to extract four hypotheses as to the nature of the policy network and their impact in the policy process, according to the policy influence of the policy network supporting the trade-labor linkage vis-a-vis the influence of adversary coalitions

Kaynakça

  1. Alt; J.; Gillian, M. (2000) “The political economy of trading states: factor specificity, collective action problems, and domestic political institution”. In: Frieden, J.; Lake, D. International Political Economy: perspectives on global power and wealth. London: Routledge.
  2. Approach’, Journal of Contemporary European Research. 9 (4), pp. 633-658.
  3. Bailey, D. and Bossuyt, F. (2013). ‘The European Union as a Conveniently-conflicted Counterhegemon through Trade’, Journal of Contemporary European Research. 9 (4), pp. 560-577.
  4. Beyers, J. (2004). 'Voice and access: Political practices of European interest associations', European Union Politics (2): 211-240.
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  6. Bouwen, P. (2004). 'Exchanging Access Goods for Access: A Comparative Study of Business Lobbying in the EU Institutions', European Journal of Political Research 43(3): 337-369.
  7. Coen, D. (2004). “Environmental and Business Lobbying Alliances in Europe: Learning from Washington?” In: Levy, D; Newell, P, (eds.) The Business of Global Environmental Governance. (197 - 222). MIT Press: Cambridge.
  8. Cohen, B. (2008) International political economy: an intellectual history. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

-

Yazarlar

Rodrıgo Fagundes Cezar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Mart 2017

Gönderilme Tarihi

-

Kabul Tarihi

-

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2017 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Cezar, R. F. (2017). A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(1), 68-75. https://izlik.org/JA27MA95JE
AMA
1.Cezar RF. A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies. 2017;2(1):68-75. https://izlik.org/JA27MA95JE
Chicago
Cezar, Rodrıgo Fagundes. 2017. “A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies 2 (1): 68-75. https://izlik.org/JA27MA95JE.
EndNote
Cezar RF (01 Mart 2017) A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies 2 1 68–75.
IEEE
[1]R. F. Cezar, “A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION”, International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, c. 2, sy 1, ss. 68–75, Mar. 2017, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA27MA95JE
ISNAD
Cezar, Rodrıgo Fagundes. “A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies 2/1 (01 Mart 2017): 68-75. https://izlik.org/JA27MA95JE.
JAMA
1.Cezar RF. A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies. 2017;2:68–75.
MLA
Cezar, Rodrıgo Fagundes. “A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION”. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies, c. 2, sy 1, Mart 2017, ss. 68-75, https://izlik.org/JA27MA95JE.
Vancouver
1.Rodrıgo Fagundes Cezar. A TENTATIVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE TRADE-LABOUR LINKAGE IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN UNION. International Journal of Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies [Internet]. 01 Mart 2017;2(1):68-75. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA27MA95JE