RISK FACTORS AFFECTING VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN AGED 7-17 LIVING IN ISTANBUL

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 5 - 13, 12.10.2022

Oya Yücel , Bengü Altınordu

Öz

In this study, the effects of adolescence and obesity on the risk factors affecting the frequency of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency were investigated.
123 children (60 girls, 63 boys) between the ages of 7-17 were included in the study and age, gender, weight, height, body mass index, pubertal stages and daily life parameters were recorded. Fasting blood samples were taken for biochemical parameters and vitamin D levels. A vitamin D level lower than 20 ng/ml was defined as vitamin D deficiency, and values between 20-30 ng/ml were defined as vitamin D insufficiency. According to Tanner's classification of adolescence, children were divided into three groups; prepubertal (Tanner's 1), midpubertal (Tanner's 2-4) and post-pubertal (Tanner's 5). In addition, those with a body mass index of 30 and above were included in the obesity group.
In our study, the rate of vitamin D deficiency was found to be 39% (N.48), while the rate of deficiency was found to be 39,8% (N.49). No difference was found between girls and boys. The most important risk factors are the winter season, the increase in the use of technological devices, the shortening of the time of outdoor sportive activity and exposure to sunlight. The rate and duration of use of technological devices were significantly higher in males. While there was a positive correlation between Vit-D levels and outdoor sports activity and exposure to sunlight, a negative correlation was found with the duration of use of technological devices.
No correlation was found between puberty and vitamin D deficiency, but the most common period of vitamin D deficiency for both sexes was the postpubertal period. As adolescence progressed in boys, the use of technology increased. No correlation was found between obesity and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. In addition, there was no statistical difference between the groups for calcium, phosphorus and ALP values.
Today, vitamin D deficiency continues to be a common health problem even in sunny countries. It shows the necessity of determining risk factors, planning health policies accordingly, and providing awareness training to both families and adolescents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescents, Children Vitamin D insufficiency, Vitamin D deficiency, 25(OH)D.

Etik Beyan

The necessary ethics committee permission was obtained.

İSTANBUL İLİNDE YAŞAYAN 7-17 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARDA D-VİTAMİNİ YETERSİZLİĞİNİ ETKİLEYEN RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada D vitamini yetersizliği/eksikliğinin sıklığını etkileyen risk faktörlerine ergenlik dönemlerinin ve obezitenin etkisi araştırıldı.
7-17 yaş arası 123 çocuk (60 kız, 63 erkek) çalışmaya alınmış olup yaş, cinsiyet, kilo, boy, vücut kitle indeksi, ergenlik dönemleri ve günlük yaşam parametreleri kaydedildi. Biyokimyasal parametreler ve D vitamini düzeyleri için açlık kan örnekleri alındı. D vitamini düzeyinin 20 ng/ml'den düşük olması D vitamini eksikliği, 20- 30 ng/ml arası değerler D vitamini yetersizliği olarak tanımlandı. Tanner'ın ergenlik sınıflamasına göre, çocuklar üç gruba ayrılarak incelendi; prepubertal (Tanner's 1), midpubertal (Tanner's 2-4) ve post-pubertal (Tanner's 5). Ayrıca vücut kitle indeksi 30 ve üzeri olanlar obezite grubuna alındı.
Çalışmamızda D vitamini yetersizlik oranı % 39 (N.48) iken, eksiklik oranı %39,8 (N.49) olarak bulunmuştur. Kızlar ile erkekler arasında farklılık saptanmadı. En önemli risk faktörleri; kış mevsimi, teknolojik alet kullanım süresinin artması, açık havada sportif aktivite ile güneş ışığına maruz kalma süresinin kısalması olarak belirlenmiştir. Teknolojik alet kullanım oranı ve süresi, erkeklerde belirgin olarak daha fazla idi. Vit-D düzeyleri ile açık havada sportif aktivite, güneş ışığına maruz kalma arasında pozitifkorrelasyon var iken, teknolojik alet kullanım süresiyle negatif korrelasyon saptanmıştır.
Ergenlik dönemleri ile vitamin D eksikliği arasında bağlantı saptanmadı, ancak her iki cinsiyet için de vitamin D eksikliğinin en sık görüldüğü dönem postpubertal dönem idi. Erkeklerde ergenlik ilerledikçe artan teknoloji kullanımı artmaktaydı. Obezite ile vitamin D eksikliği/ yetersizliği arasında bağlantı bulunamadı. Ayrıca, kalsiyum, fosfor, ALP değerleri için gruplar arasında istatistiksel farklılık saptanmadı.
Günümüzde D vitamini eksikliği güneşli ülkelerde bile yaygın bir sağlık sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, buna göre sağlık politikalarının planlanması ve hem ailelere hem de ergenlere farkındalık eğitimleri verilmesinin gerekliliğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk, ergenlik, Vitamin D yetersizliği, Vitamin D eksikliği, 25(OH)D.

Etik Beyan

Gerekli etik kurul izini alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

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