Araştırma Makalesi
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UNESCO Dünya Mirasının Korunmasında Dünya Mirası Fonları

Yıl 2023, , 221 - 245, 16.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54722/iletisimvediplomasi.1320678

Öz

UNESCO olarak ifade edilen Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Kurumu, 1972 yılında “Dünya Kültürel ve Doğal Mirasın Korunması Sözleşmesi”ni kabul etmiştir. Bu Sözleşme, iki boyutun birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerekliliğinden dolayı hem kültürel mirası hem de doğal mirası korumayı amaçlamaktadır. Sözleşmenin karar mercii olan Hükûmetler Arası Dünya Mirası Komitesi Dünya Mirası Listesi’ne kayıtlı üstün evrensel değere sahip miras alanlarının özgünlüğü ve bütünlüğünü korumaya odaklanmıştır. Korumayı sağlamak amacıyla taraf devletlere katkı amacıyla Dünya Mirası Fonu bütçesinden çeşitli uluslararası yardımlar sunulmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, UNESCO Dünya Mirası Komitesinin, Dünya Mirası Fonlarından ne tür uluslararası destekleri, ne ölçüde ve ne amaçla kullandırdığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın kapsamını Dünya Mirası Komitesinin 1977 – 2023 (2023 haziran ayına kadar) yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen toplam 44 Dünya Mirası Komitesi toplantı raporlarında yer alan kararlar ve bu kararlar çerçevesinde sağlanan fon destekleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın yönteminde kavramsal ve kuramsal çerçeveyle birlikte literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiş olup daha sonra UNESCO Dünya Mirası Komitesinin 44 yıllık (1977-2023) raporlarından elde edilen gömülü nicel veriler nitel analiz yöntemiyle karşılaştırmalı analiz edilmiş, UNESCO Dünya Mirası Fonlarının taksonomisi yapılmış ve sonuçları ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada, Afrika Bölgesi’nde yer alan taraf devletlerin Dünya Mirası Fonu’ndan diğer UNESCO bölgelerine kıyasla daha fazla yararlandığı sonucuna varılmaktadır. Afrika Bölgesi’ni takiben yoğunluklarına göre sırasıyla, Latin Amerika ve Karayip Bölgesi, Asya ve Pasifik Bölgesi, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika ve Arap Devletleri yer almaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Bertacchini, E. E., & Saccone, D. (2012). “Toward a political economy of World Heritage”. Journal of Cul- tural Economics, 36(4), 327–352. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43549833.
  • Klarin, T. (2018). “The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues”. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 67-94.
  • Moussiopoulos, N. (2015). Introduction to Sustainable Development Handbook. Retrieved from ht- tps://www.ihu.edu.gr/icsd/docs/introduction-to-sustainable-development.pdf. Erişim T. 10 Ağustos 2021.
  • Sartzetakis, E. (2015). Introduction to Sustainable Development Handbook. https://www.ihu.edu.gr/ icsd/docs/introduction-to-sustainable-development.pdf. Erişim T. 15 Ağustos 2021.
  • UN (United Nations), (2021 [a]). Sustainability. https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/sustainability. Erişim T. 10 Ağustos 2021.
  • UN (United Nations), (2021 [b]). History of Sustainable Development Goals. Retrievede from https:// sdgs.un.org/goals. Erişim T. 15 Ağustos 2021.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concerning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Committee (2002). WHC-02/CONF.202/25, “Budapest Declaration on World Heritage”, Twenty-sixth session, Budapest, Hungary, 24 - 29 June 2002.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concer- ning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Com- mittee (2007). WHC-07/31.COM/13B, “Declaration of the 5th C: Communities”, Thirty first Session, Christchurch, New Zealand, 23 June – 2 July 2007.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concerning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Committee (2015). WHC-15/39.COM/19, “Revision of the Operational Guidelines”, Thirty-ninth session, Bonn, Germany,28 June - 8 July 2015.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concerning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Committee (2019). WHC, 2019, 43.COM/11A, “The States Parties to the World Heritage Convention”, Forty- third session, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, 30 June – 10 July 2019.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, The General Conference of UNESCO adopted on 16 November 1972. UNESCO. General Conference, 17th sessi- on, 1972. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000002092?posInSet=4&queryId=- 36b9549a-76be-4db4-88b0-bcc96c1f218c . Erişim T. 8 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [a]). “UNESCO in Brief”, https://www.unesco.org/en/brief#. Erişim T. 3 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [b]). “History of
  • UNESCO”, Retrievede from https://www.unesco.org/en/history. Erişim T. 3 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [c]). “UNESCO in Key Figures” Retrievede from https://www.unesco.org/en/unesco-key-figu- res. Erişim T. 5 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [d]). “Our Vision for Peace” https://www.unesco.org/en/vision. Erişim T. 5 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [e]). Abu Simbel: The Campaign that Revolutionized the İnternational Approach to Safegu- arding Heritage, Retrievede from https://en.unesco.org/70years/abu_simbel_safeguar- ding_heritage. Erişim T. 22 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2002). WHC-02/CONF.202/5, Resolutions/Deci- sion 26 COM 9, WHC, Budapest Declaration On World Heritage, Twenty-sixth session, Budapest, Hungary, 24 - 29 June 2002.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2008). “UNESCO World Heritage Information Kits” Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/567/. Erişim T. 3 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Sitesi, (2015). “World Heritage Committee Rules of Procedu- re”, https://whc.unesco.org/en/committee/#49. Erişim T. 22 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2021). “Operational Guidelines”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/. Erişim T. 12 Aralık 2022.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023). The Secretariat of World Heritage Con- vention, “Funding of International Assistance Requests”, CL/WHC-23/01 Circular Letter.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023 [a]). “World Heritage”, https://whc.unesco. org/en/about/. Erişim T. 28 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [b]). “World Heritage Committee”, https:// whc.unesco.org/en/committee. Erişim T. 30 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023[c]). “States Parties”, Retrievede from https:// whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/. Erişim T. 28 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [d]). “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/ conventiontext. Erişim T. 28 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [e]), “Our Partners”, Retrievede from https:// whc.unesco.org/en/partners/. Erişim T. 12 Nisan 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [f]). “Financial Regulations for the World Heritage Fund”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/financialregulations. Erişim T. 20 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [g]). “Working Together: Abu Simbel” Retrie- vede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/story-abu-simbel/. Erişim T. 22 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [h]). “World Heritage List Nominations” Ret- rievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/nominations/. Erişim T. 25 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [i]). “World Heritage List” Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/. Erişim T. 7 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [ j]). “Site inscribed on the List of World He- ritage in Danger”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?&danger=1. Erişim T. 7 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023 [k]). “World Heritage Fund”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/world-heritage-fund/ (Erişim Tarihi: 07.05.2023).
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023 [l]). “Funding”, Retrievede from https://whc. unesco.org/en/funding/. Erişim T. 10 Mayıs 2023.
  • WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development - Brundtland Commission) (1987). Our common future. New York: Oxford University Press.

UNESCO World Heritage Funds for the Protection of World Heritage

Yıl 2023, , 221 - 245, 16.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54722/iletisimvediplomasi.1320678

Öz

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, referred to as UNESCO, adopted the “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” in 1972. This Convention focuses on the protection of both cultural and natural heritage, necessitating the consideration of two distinct dimensions. The Intergovernmental World Heritage Committee, which is the decision maker of the Convention, has focused on preserving the authenticity and integrity of heritage sites of outstanding universal value inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. It provides various forms of international assistance from the World Heritage Fund budget, which serves as a catalyst for States Parties to provide protection. The study covers international assistance approved worldwide from 1977 to June 2023 and aims to reveal the amount and types of international support the UNESCO World Heritage Committee provides to which types of heritage protection projects from the World Heritage Fund. The paper covers international assistance approved worldwide from 1977 to June 2023 aims to show what kind of international assistance the UNESCO World Heritage Committee has made available from the World Heritage Fund’s budget, to what extent and for what purposes. The scope of the study consisted of the decisions included in the meeting reports of 44 World Heritage Committees held between 1977 and 2023 (until June 2023) and the worldwide international assistance approved in this eraThe methodology of the study, a literature review was carried out together with the conceptual and theoretical framework and then the embedded quantitative data obtained from the 44 year (1977-2023) reports of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee were comparatively analysed by qualitative analysis method, a taxonomy of UNESCO World Heritage Funds was carried out and the results were revealed. The study concludes that States Parties in the African Region benefit more from the World Heritage Fund than other UNESCO regions. The African Region is followed by Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Asia and the Pacific Region, Europe and North America, and the Arab States in order of intensity.

Kaynakça

  • Bertacchini, E. E., & Saccone, D. (2012). “Toward a political economy of World Heritage”. Journal of Cul- tural Economics, 36(4), 327–352. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43549833.
  • Klarin, T. (2018). “The Concept of Sustainable Development: From its Beginning to the Contemporary Issues”. Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 67-94.
  • Moussiopoulos, N. (2015). Introduction to Sustainable Development Handbook. Retrieved from ht- tps://www.ihu.edu.gr/icsd/docs/introduction-to-sustainable-development.pdf. Erişim T. 10 Ağustos 2021.
  • Sartzetakis, E. (2015). Introduction to Sustainable Development Handbook. https://www.ihu.edu.gr/ icsd/docs/introduction-to-sustainable-development.pdf. Erişim T. 15 Ağustos 2021.
  • UN (United Nations), (2021 [a]). Sustainability. https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/sustainability. Erişim T. 10 Ağustos 2021.
  • UN (United Nations), (2021 [b]). History of Sustainable Development Goals. Retrievede from https:// sdgs.un.org/goals. Erişim T. 15 Ağustos 2021.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concerning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Committee (2002). WHC-02/CONF.202/25, “Budapest Declaration on World Heritage”, Twenty-sixth session, Budapest, Hungary, 24 - 29 June 2002.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concer- ning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Com- mittee (2007). WHC-07/31.COM/13B, “Declaration of the 5th C: Communities”, Thirty first Session, Christchurch, New Zealand, 23 June – 2 July 2007.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concerning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Committee (2015). WHC-15/39.COM/19, “Revision of the Operational Guidelines”, Thirty-ninth session, Bonn, Germany,28 June - 8 July 2015.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), Convention Concerning The Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, World Heritage Committee (2019). WHC, 2019, 43.COM/11A, “The States Parties to the World Heritage Convention”, Forty- third session, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, 30 June – 10 July 2019.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, The General Conference of UNESCO adopted on 16 November 1972. UNESCO. General Conference, 17th sessi- on, 1972. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000002092?posInSet=4&queryId=- 36b9549a-76be-4db4-88b0-bcc96c1f218c . Erişim T. 8 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [a]). “UNESCO in Brief”, https://www.unesco.org/en/brief#. Erişim T. 3 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [b]). “History of
  • UNESCO”, Retrievede from https://www.unesco.org/en/history. Erişim T. 3 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [c]). “UNESCO in Key Figures” Retrievede from https://www.unesco.org/en/unesco-key-figu- res. Erişim T. 5 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [d]). “Our Vision for Peace” https://www.unesco.org/en/vision. Erişim T. 5 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Web Sitesi, (2023 [e]). Abu Simbel: The Campaign that Revolutionized the İnternational Approach to Safegu- arding Heritage, Retrievede from https://en.unesco.org/70years/abu_simbel_safeguar- ding_heritage. Erişim T. 22 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2002). WHC-02/CONF.202/5, Resolutions/Deci- sion 26 COM 9, WHC, Budapest Declaration On World Heritage, Twenty-sixth session, Budapest, Hungary, 24 - 29 June 2002.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2008). “UNESCO World Heritage Information Kits” Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/567/. Erişim T. 3 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Sitesi, (2015). “World Heritage Committee Rules of Procedu- re”, https://whc.unesco.org/en/committee/#49. Erişim T. 22 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2021). “Operational Guidelines”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/. Erişim T. 12 Aralık 2022.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023). The Secretariat of World Heritage Con- vention, “Funding of International Assistance Requests”, CL/WHC-23/01 Circular Letter.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023 [a]). “World Heritage”, https://whc.unesco. org/en/about/. Erişim T. 28 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [b]). “World Heritage Committee”, https:// whc.unesco.org/en/committee. Erişim T. 30 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023[c]). “States Parties”, Retrievede from https:// whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/. Erişim T. 28 Ocak 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [d]). “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/ conventiontext. Erişim T. 28 şubat 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [e]), “Our Partners”, Retrievede from https:// whc.unesco.org/en/partners/. Erişim T. 12 Nisan 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [f]). “Financial Regulations for the World Heritage Fund”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/financialregulations. Erişim T. 20 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [g]). “Working Together: Abu Simbel” Retrie- vede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/story-abu-simbel/. Erişim T. 22 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [h]). “World Heritage List Nominations” Ret- rievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/nominations/. Erişim T. 25 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [i]). “World Heritage List” Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/. Erişim T. 7 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi (2023 [ j]). “Site inscribed on the List of World He- ritage in Danger”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?&danger=1. Erişim T. 7 Mayıs 2023.
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023 [k]). “World Heritage Fund”, Retrievede from https://whc.unesco.org/en/world-heritage-fund/ (Erişim Tarihi: 07.05.2023).
  • UNESCO WHC (World Heritage Centre) Web Sitesi, (2023 [l]). “Funding”, Retrievede from https://whc. unesco.org/en/funding/. Erişim T. 10 Mayıs 2023.
  • WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development - Brundtland Commission) (1987). Our common future. New York: Oxford University Press.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Azize Ökten 0000-0001-7725-7670

Hüseyin Gül 0000-0001-6901-541X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Ökten, A., & Gül, H. (2023). UNESCO Dünya Mirasının Korunmasında Dünya Mirası Fonları. İletişim Ve Diplomasi(11), 221-245. https://doi.org/10.54722/iletisimvediplomasi.1320678