GENCON 2022 “OWNERS’ RESPONSIBILITIES” KLOZU: LAHEY / VISBY KURALLARI, GENCON 94 ÇARTER PARTİSİ VE TÜRK TİCARET KANUNU ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Deniz yolu eşya taşımacılığının uluslararası niteliği, zaman içerisinde bu alanda yeknesak kuralların oluşturulması ihtiyacını doğurmıştur. Bu ihtiyacı gidermek üzere, deniz hukuku alanında faaliyet gösteren bazı kuruluşlar tarafından uygulamada ilgililer tarafından arzu edildiği takdirde kullanılmak üzere bazı standart sözleşmeler oluşturulmaktadır. Genel işlem koşulu niteliğinde olan ve deniz ticareti hukuku alanında faaliyet gösteren uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından kaleme alınan söz konusu standart sözleşmelerin kullanılması hususunda bir zorunluluk bulunmamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu standart formlar, uygulamadaki ihtiyaçlar dikkate alınarak belirli aralıklarla güncellenmekte ve deniz ticareti hukukunun uluslararası niteliği gözetildiğinde, âşina olmadıkları bir hukuk sistemine tâbi olmaktan çekinen ilgililerce sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu standart formların başında BIMCO (“The Baltic and International Maritime Council”) tarafından hazırlanan GENCON çarter partisi gelmektedir. Yolculuk çarteri sözleşmelerine ilişkin esasların yer aldığı ve ilk defa 1922 yılında kullanıma sunulan bu standart çarter parti, 1976 ve 1994 ve son olarak 2022 yılında uygulamadaki ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda revize edilmiştir. 2022 yılında yapılan revizyon ile birlikte, GENCON standart çarter partisinde, GENCON 94 formunda yer alan ve sıklıkla eleştirilen bazı klozlarda önemli sayılabilecek değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, GENCON 2022 çarter partisinin “Owners’ Responsibilities” başlıklı klozunun, GENCON 94 çarter partisindeki ilgili kloz ve Türk Ticaret Kanunu ile Lahey / Visby Kurallarındaki ilgili düzenlemeler göz önünde bulundurulmak suretiyle değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yolculuk çarteri sözleşmesi
• GENCON 94
• GENCON 2022
• Lahey Visby Kuralları
• Paramount Klozu

“Owners’ Responsibilities” Clause Of Gencon 2022: An Assessment Under The Hague / Visby Rules, Gencon 94 Charter Party and the Turkish Commercial Code

Öz

The international nature of carriage of goods by sea has necessitated the establishment of uniform rules in progress of time. To address this need, standard contracts are developed by organizations engaged in maritime law. There is no obligation to use these standard forms in question, which are qualified as general terms and conditions and are drafted by international organizations operating in the field of maritime law. These standard forms are periodically updated in accordance with requirements of practice and considering the international character of maritime law and they are frequently employed by stakeholders who are reluctant to be subject to an unfamiliar legal system. Among these commonly used standard forms, the GENCON, prepared by BIMCO (“The Baltic and International Maritime Council”), holds a prominent position. GENCON charter party, containing the fundamentals of voyage charter agreements, was first introduced in 1922 and subsequently revised in response to practical needs in 1976, 1994, and most recently in 2022. With the revision in 2022, substantial alterations were made to certain clauses of GENCON 94 charter party.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Voyage charter
• GENCON 94
• GENCON 2022
• Hague Visby Rules
• Paramount clause

Kaynakça

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