BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN TEMİZ, SAĞLIKLI VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR BİR ÇEVRE HAKKINI BİR İNSAN HAKKI OLARAK TANIMASI

Öz

Bugün artık çevre sorunlarının sadece ulusal bir sorun olmadığı, aksine bütün toplumları etkileyen küresel bir olgu olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çevrenin devam eden bozulması, insanlığın karşı karşıya olduğu en ciddi sorunlardan biridir. Çok fazla çevresel yıkıma ve çevreyi korumak için atılan birçok adıma tanık olduğumuz bir çağda, temiz bir çevre için yeni bir temel hakkın tanınması gerekip gerekmediği en çok tartışılan konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Ekim 2021 tarihinde önce Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Konseyi 48/13 sayılı bir kararıyla ve sonrasında da Temmuz 2022 tarihinde Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu 76/300 sayılı bir kararıyla temiz, sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir çevre hakkını bir insan hakkı olarak tanımıştır. Sağlıklı bir çevre hakkına ilişkin Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu Kararının kabul edilmesi, tanınması ve ulusal yasal çerçevelere dahil edilmesi, bu hakkın herkes tarafından etkili bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlamak için gereken eylemin yalnızca başlangıcını temsil eder. Bundan sonra ne olacağı, Devletlerin ve işletmeler gibi diğer paydaşların yerel, bölgesel ve uluslararası düzeylerde nasıl yanıt verdiğine ve bunlara nasıl uyduğuna bağlı olacaktır. Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu’nun 76/300 sayılı Kararı temiz, sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir çevre hakkının kabul edilmesini uzun bir yolculuğun sonu olarak sunsa da, aynı zamanda yeni bir yolculuğun da başlangıcını temsil ediyor. Bu çalışma, uluslararası alanda, Birleşmiş Milletler özelinde, çevre için bir hak arayışında katedilen yol ve bugün gelinen noktayı ele alacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Birleşmiş Milletler
• Stockholm Deklarasyonu
• uluslararası çevre hukuku
• insan hakları hukuku
• çevre hakkı.

UNITED NATIONS RECOGNIZING THE RIGHT TO A CLEAN, HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT AS A HUMAN RIGHT

Öz

Today, it has been understood that environmental problems are not just a national problem, but a global phenomenon that affects all societies. The ongoing degradation of the environment is one of the most serious problems faced by humanity. In an age where we are witnessing excessive environmental destruction and many steps being taken to protect the environment, whether a new fundamental right to a clean environment should be recognized has become one of the most debated issues. The right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment has been recognized as a human right in October 2021, first with the UN Human Rights Council Resolution 48/13 and then with the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 76/300 in July 2022. The adoption, recognition and incorporation of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the right to a healthy environment represents only the beginning of the action needed to ensure the effective enjoyment of this right by all. What happens next will depend on how States and other stakeholders such as businesses respond and comply at the local, regional and international levels. Although the United Nations General Assembly's Resolution 76/300 presents the recognition of the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment as the end of a long journey, it also represents the beginning of a new journey. This study will deal with the path taken and the point reached today in the search for a right for the environment in the international arena, in particular the United Nations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• United Nations
• Stockholm Declaration
• International Environmental Law
• Human Rights Law
• Right To Environment

Kaynakça

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