Yapay Zeka Mevzuatında Mahremiyet Hakkı: Uluslararası Yumuşak Hukuk Çerçevelerinin Analizi

Öz

Bu makale, mahremiyet hakları ile yapay zeka (YZ) yönetişiminin gelişen kesişimini inceleyerek, uluslararası yumuşak hukuk çerçevelerinin mahremiyet korumalarını şekillendirmedeki rolüne odaklanmaktadır. Mahremiyetin, çeşitli küresel ve bölgesel hukuki belgelerde güvence altına alınmış temel bir insan hakkı olarak tanınması bağlamında çalışma, yükselen YZ teknolojilerinin veri yönetişimi için ortaya çıkardığı özgün zorluklar ve fırsatlar üzerindeki kritik boyutlarını vurgulamaktadır. Yöntem, Avrupa Birliği Yapay Zeka Yasası, BM Genel Kurulu’nun YZ ve siber suç konulu kararları, BM Küresel Dijital Mutabakatı ve Avrupa Konseyi Yapay Zeka Taslak Çerçeve Sözleşmesi gibi önemli yasal ve politik çerçevelerin analitik bir incelemesini içermektedir. Bu çerçeveler, YZ sistemleri boyunca mahremiyet korumalarını yerleştirmeyi amaçlayan şeffaflık, hesap verebilirlik, adalet ve uluslararası iş birliğine vurgu yaparak, prensipleri ve mekanizmaları açısından değerlendirilmektedir. Bulgular, mahremiyet odaklı tasarım, risk yönetimi, kitlesel gözetim ve hedefsiz veri kazıma üzerindeki kısıtlamalar gibi önlemler yoluyla YZ yönetişiminde mahremiyet hususlarının artan entegrasyonunu ortaya koymaktadır. Önemli hükümler arasında güçlü veri yönetişimi, şeffaflık gereklilikleri, ayrımcılığa karşı koruma mekanizmaları ve uluslararası iş birliği yoluyla uyumlu mahremiyet standartları yer almaktadır. Çalışma, uluslararası yumuşak hukuk çerçevelerinin, teknolojik ilerlemeler karşısında bu hakkı koruma yönünde küresel bir uzlaşıyı yansıtarak, YZ sistemlerinde mahremiyet korumalarının yerleşik hale getirilmesi için önemli bir temel sağladığı sonucuna varmaktadır. Yargı bölgeleri arasında prensiplerin uyumlaştırılması, çok paydaşlı katılımın teşvik edilmesi ve etik YZ geliştirilmesinin desteklenmesi yoluyla bu girişimler, insan odaklı bir YZ yönetişimi yaklaşımını desteklemektedir. Araştırma, uluslararası politika yapıcılar için YZ yeniliklerini temel haklarla uyumlu hale getirme konusunda içgörüler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mahremiyet Hakkı
• BM
• AB
• Yapay Zeka
• Uluslararası Yumuşak Hukuk.

Right to Privacy in Artificial Intelligence Legislations: Analyzing International Soft Law Frameworks

Öz

The article examines the evolving intersection of privacy rights and artificial intelligence (AI) governance, focusing on the role of international soft law frameworks in shaping privacy protections. Recognizing privacy as a fundamental human right enshrined in various global and regional legal instruments, the study highlights its critical dimensions in the context of emerging AI technologies, which pose unique challenges and opportunities for data governance. The methodology includes an analytical review of significant legislative and policy frameworks, such as the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, UN General Assembly Resolutions on AI and cybercrime, the UN Global Digital Compact, and the Council of Europe Draft Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence. These frameworks are assessed for their principles and mechanisms aimed at embedding privacy protections throughout AI systems, emphasizing transparency, accountability, fairness, and international collaboration. Findings indicate growing integration of privacy considerations in AI governance through measures like privacy-by-design, risk management, and restrictions on mass surveillance and untargeted data scraping. Key provisions include robust data governance, transparency requirements, safeguards against discriminatory outcomes, and harmonized privacy standards via international cooperation. The study concludes that international soft law frameworks provide a crucial foundation for embedding privacy protections into AI systems, reflecting a global consensus on safeguarding this right amid technological advances. By harmonizing principles across jurisdictions, fostering multi-stakeholder engagement, and promoting ethical AI development, these initiatives support a human-centric approach to AI governance. The research offers insights for international policymakers to align AI innovation with fundamental rights.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Right to Privacy
• UN
• EU
• Artificial Intelligence
• International Soft Law.

Kaynakça

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