Araştırma Makalesi
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Islamic Constitutionalism in Theory and Practice: The Case of Islamic Republic of Iran

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 171 - 188, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.58733/imhfd.1582222

Öz

This article explores the theoretical and practical dimensions of Islamic constitutionalism, questioning its feasibility within modern state frameworks. It first examines two major perspectives in legal thought on the compatibility of Islamic principles with constitutional values. The first viewpoint, represented by scholars like Kamali and Quraishi-Landes, argues that Islam inherently supports principles like democracy, rule of law, and the separation of powers. The second perspective, advocated by El-Fadl, Hamoudi, and Emon, highlights fundamental differences, suggesting that Islamic law is often incompatible with Western constitutionalism. The article suggests that perspectives on Islamic and Western constitutional compatibility may oversimplify the unique philosophical foundations of Islamic governance. In contrast, a more nuanced approach highlights the deep-seated tensions between pre-modern Islamic concepts and modern constitutional frameworks, which are illustrated in the Iranian case. The article then analyses Iran as a case study, focusing on the 1979 Islamic Revolution and the Iranian Constitution. Through an in-depth examination of the "velayat-e faqih" concept, it explores the interplay between Islamic doctrine and state governance. Ultimately, the article suggests that Islamic governance in Iran has transformed from a religious doctrine into a form of modern political ideology, where Sharia functions more as a state tool than a constitutional foundation.

Kaynakça

  • ARJOMAND, Said, Constitutional Politics in the Middle East, Hart Publishing, 2009.
  • AZIZAY, Y. al-Hibri, “Islamic Constitutionalism and the Concept of Democracy”, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, C. 24, p. 28-38, 1992.
  • BAYAT, Asef, “Revolution Without Movement, Movement Without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, C. 40, p. 136-169, 1998.
  • BERMAN, Harold, Law and Revolution, Harvard University Press, 1983.
  • COTRAN, Eugene / SHARIF, Adel Omar, Democracy, the Rule of Law and Islam, Kluwer Law International, 1999. CUDSI, Alexander / DESSOUKI, Ali., Islam and Power, Routledge, 2013.
  • GROTE, Rainer / RÖDER, Tilmann, Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries, Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • HAIRI, Abdul-Hadi, Shi'ism and Constitutionalism in Iran, EJ Brill, 1977.
  • HALLAQ, Wael B., The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • MARTIN, Vanessa, “Trends in the Shi’i Response to Constitutionalist Ideology in Iran”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, C. 2, p. 50-75, 1992.
  • QURAISHI-LANDES, Asifa, “Islamic Constitutionalism: Not Secular, Not Theocratic, Not Impossible”, Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, C. 16, p. 553-578, 2015.
  • SCHIRAZI, Asghar, The Constitution of Iran, IB Tauris, 2007.
  • TIBI, Bassam, “The Return of the Sacred to Politics as a Constitutional Law: The Case of the Shari’atization of Politics in Islamic Civilization”, Theoria, C. 55, p. 91-112, 2008.
  • ZUBAIDA, Sami, Islam, the People and the State, IB Tauris, 2009.
  • ZUBAIDA, Sami, Law and Power in the Islamic World, IB Tauris, 2003.

Teorik ve Pratik Boyutlarıyla İslami Anayasacılık: İran İslam Cumhuriyeti Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 171 - 188, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.58733/imhfd.1582222

Öz

Bu makale, İslami anayasacılığın teorik ve pratik boyutlarını inceleyerek, modern devlet yapıları içinde uygulanabilirliğini sorgulamaktadır. İlk olarak, İslam ve Batı hukuk düşüncesinde İslami ilkelerin anayasal değerlerle uyumuna dair iki ana yaklaşımı ele alır. Kamali ve Quraishi-Landes gibi isimlerin temsil ettiği ilk görüş, İslam’ın demokrasi, hukukun üstünlüğü ve güçler ayrılığı gibi ilkeleri doğasında barındırdığını savunur. El-Fadl, Hamoudi ve Emon ‘un savunduğu ikinci görüş ise İslami hukukun Batı anayasacılığı ile genellikle uyumsuz olduğunu ileri sürer. Makale, İslami ve Batı anayasal uyumluluğuna ilişkin bakış açılarının İslami yönetimin benzersiz felsefi temellerini aşırı basitleştirebileceğini öne sürüyor. Buna karşılık, daha nüanslı bir yaklaşım, İran örneğinde gösterildiği gibi, modern öncesi İslami kavramlar ile modern anayasal çerçeveler arasındaki köklü gerilimleri vurguluyor. Makale, ardından 1979 İran İslam Devrimi ve İran Anayasası üzerinde durarak İran’ı bir vaka çalışması olarak analiz eder. "Velayet-i Fakih" kavramını derinlemesine inceleyerek, İslami öğreti ile devlet yönetimi arasındaki etkileşimi ortaya koyar. Sonuç olarak, makale İran’da İslami yönetimin dini bir doktrinden çok, Şeriatın anayasal bir temel olmaktan ziyade devletin bir aracı haline geldiği modern bir politik ideolojiye dönüştüğünü öne sürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • ARJOMAND, Said, Constitutional Politics in the Middle East, Hart Publishing, 2009.
  • AZIZAY, Y. al-Hibri, “Islamic Constitutionalism and the Concept of Democracy”, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, C. 24, p. 28-38, 1992.
  • BAYAT, Asef, “Revolution Without Movement, Movement Without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, C. 40, p. 136-169, 1998.
  • BERMAN, Harold, Law and Revolution, Harvard University Press, 1983.
  • COTRAN, Eugene / SHARIF, Adel Omar, Democracy, the Rule of Law and Islam, Kluwer Law International, 1999. CUDSI, Alexander / DESSOUKI, Ali., Islam and Power, Routledge, 2013.
  • GROTE, Rainer / RÖDER, Tilmann, Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries, Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • HAIRI, Abdul-Hadi, Shi'ism and Constitutionalism in Iran, EJ Brill, 1977.
  • HALLAQ, Wael B., The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • MARTIN, Vanessa, “Trends in the Shi’i Response to Constitutionalist Ideology in Iran”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, C. 2, p. 50-75, 1992.
  • QURAISHI-LANDES, Asifa, “Islamic Constitutionalism: Not Secular, Not Theocratic, Not Impossible”, Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, C. 16, p. 553-578, 2015.
  • SCHIRAZI, Asghar, The Constitution of Iran, IB Tauris, 2007.
  • TIBI, Bassam, “The Return of the Sacred to Politics as a Constitutional Law: The Case of the Shari’atization of Politics in Islamic Civilization”, Theoria, C. 55, p. 91-112, 2008.
  • ZUBAIDA, Sami, Islam, the People and the State, IB Tauris, 2009.
  • ZUBAIDA, Sami, Law and Power in the Islamic World, IB Tauris, 2003.
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk ve Beşeri Bilimler
Bölüm C. 10 S. 1 Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İsmail Mutlu 0000-0003-0049-3725

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Mutlu, İsmail. “Islamic Constitutionalism in Theory and Practice: The Case of Islamic Republic of Iran”. İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 10, sy. 1 (Mart 2025): 171-88. https://doi.org/10.58733/imhfd.1582222.