UCM Mağdurlar için Güven Fonu

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 361 - 386, 31.12.2021

Seher Çakan

Öz

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin(UCM) yetkisine giren bir suçtan zarar gören mağdurların zararları Roma Statüsü madde 75 kapsamında giderilmektedir. Ancak UCM’de bir dava UCM savcısı, bir devlet veya BM Güvenlik Konseyinin başvurusu ile mümkündür. Başka bir ifade ile UCM’de bir davayı doğrudan mağdur açamamaktadır. Bu nedenle de onarıma başvuramayan ya da başvursa bile beraat ile sonuçlanan mağdurların zararlarının giderilmesi de gerekmektedir. Bu zararların giderilmesi için de Mağdurlar için Güven Fonu kurulmuştur. Fon kapsamında zararın giderilmesi destek olarak kabul edilmektedir ve destekten yararlanabilmek için UCM’de bir dava açılmasına gerek yoktur.
Güven Fonunun tek görevi mağdurlara destek sağlamak değildir. Fon, UCM tarafından verilen onarım kararlarının uygulanmasında da UCM’ye yardım etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Güven Fonunun, UCM’nin onarım kararlarını gerçekleştirilmesi ile mağdurların zararlarının giderilmesindeki rolünü incelemektir. Çalışmada ilk olarak, Güven Fonu hakkında genel bilgi verilmektedir. İkinci olarak, UCM tarafından verilen onarım kararlarının uygulanmasına değinilmektedir. Son olarak da Güven Fonu tarafından mağdurlara ve ailelerine yapılacak destekten bahsedilmektedir. Bununla bağlantılı olarak hükümlünün mali kaynaklarının yetersiz olması durumunda Fonun diğer kaynaklarının onarımları tamamlamasının mümkün olup olmadığı ve kapsamı ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, Güven Fonu, mağdur, destek, onarım

Kaynakça

• Åberg, Malin, The Reparations Regime of the International Criminal Court- Reparations or General Assistance?, 2014, 33 https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:801293/FULLTEXT01 (01.02.2021), 2014.
• Dannenbaum, Tom, “The International Criminal Court, Article 79, and Transitional Justice: The Case for an Independent Trust Fund for Victims”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, 2010. 28 (2).
• Dwertmann, Eva, The Reparation System of the International Criminal Court- Its Implementation, Possibilities and Limitations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.
• Establishment of a fund for the benefit of victims of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court, and of the families of such victims, Resolution ICC-ASP/1/Res.6, Annex to the resolution, Adopted at the 3rd plenary meeting, on 9 September 2002, Annex to the resolution.
• Establishment of the Secretariat of the Trust Fund for Victims, Resolution ICC-ASP/3/Res.7, Adopted at the 6th plenary meeting, on 10 September 2004. Ferstman, Carla and Goetz, Mariana ,“Reparations before the International Criminal Court: The Early Jurisprudence on Victim Participation and its Impact on Future Reparations Proceedings”, Ed. Carla Ferstman, Mariana Goetz and Alan Stephens, Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity-Systems in Place and Systems in the Making, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009.
• Fischer, Peter G., “The Victims' Trust Fund of the International Criminal Court -Formation of a Functional Reparations Scheme”, Emory International Law Review, 17 (1), 2003.
• International Criminal Court, Representing Victims before the International Criminal Court- A Manual for legal representatives, 2010, The Office of Public Counsel for Victims.
• Kabalira, Stanislas, The Right to Reparations Under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court(ICC) 2014 (Doctoral Dissertation Sapienza University of Rome).
• Khan, K.A.A., “Article 79 Trust Fund” Ed. O. Trifferer and K. Ambos, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commantary, 3th editions, Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2016.
• Kristjánsdóttir, Edda,“International Mass Claims Processes and the ICC Trust Fund for Victims” Ed. C. Ferstman, M. Goetz and A. Stephens, Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity-Systems in Place and Systems in the Making, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009.
• McCarthy, Conor, Reparations and Victim Support in the International Criminal Court, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, 2012.
• Moffett, Luck., Meaningful and Effective? Considering Victims’ Interests Through Participation at the International Criminal Court, Criminal Law Forum, 2015, 26(2), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276911951_Meaningful_and_Effective_Considering_Victims'_Interests_Through_Participation_at_the_International_Criminal_Court (18.12.2020).
• Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Observations on Reparations Procedure, Trial Chamber II, No: ICC-01/04-01/07, 13 May 2015.
• Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga-Order for Reparations pursuant to Article 75 of the Statute With one public annex (Annex I) and one confidential annex ex parte, Common Legal Representative of the Victims, Office of Public Counsel for Victims and Defence team for Germain Katanga (Annex II), Trial Chamber II, No: ICC-01/04-01/07, 24 March 2017.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga- Decision establishing the principles and procedures to be applied to reparations, Trial Chamber I, No: ICC-01/04-01/06, 7 August 2012.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Confidential, Ex Parte only available to the Registry and Trust Fund for Victims Second Report of the Registry on Reparations.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Judgment on the appeals against the “Decision establishing the principles and procedures to be applied to reparations” of 7 August 2012 with AMENDED order for reparations (Annex A) and public annexes 1 and 2.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Observation of the Trust Fund for Victims on the Appeals Against Trial Chamber I’s “Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations”.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Observations on Reparations in Response to the Scheduling Order of 14 March 2012.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga- Public Redacted Version of ICC-01/04-01/06-2803-Conf-Exp-Trust Fund for Victims' First Report on Reparations, Trial Chamber I.
• REDRESS, ‘Making Sense of Reparations at the International Criminal Court’ 2018 Background Paper.
• Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims, Resolution ICC-ASP/4/Res.3.
• Report to the Assembly of States Parties on the activities and projects of the Board of Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims for the period 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011, ICC-ASP/10/14, 1 August 2011.
• Report to the Assembly of States Parties on the Projects and the Activities of the Board of Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims fort the Period 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.
• Schabas, William A., An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, 3th edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
• Situation in Uganda, Notification of the Board of Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims in accordance with Regulation 50 of the Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims with Confidential Annex, No: ICC-02/04, 25 January 2008.
• The Case-Based Reparations Scheme at the International Criminal Court, War Crimes Research Office International Criminal Court Legal Analysis and Education Project, June 2010.
• Trust Fund for Victims, https://www.trustfundforvictims.org/en/about/vision (18.08.2021).
• Wierda Marieke and de Greiff Pablo, ‘Reparations and the International Criminal Court: A Prospective Role for theTrust Fund for Victims’ 2004 International Center for Transitional Justice 1-14.