Kress HG. Wirkmechanismen von Ketamin. Anaesthesist 1997; 46: S8-s19.
Kohrs R, Durieux ME. Ketamine: teaching and old drug new tricks. Anesth.Analg 1998; 87: 1186-1193.
Davies SN, Alford ST, Coan EJ, Lester RA, Collingridge GL. Ketamine blocks an NMDA receptor- mediated component of synaptic transmission in rat hippocampus in a voltage-dependent manner. Neurosci Let 1988; 92: 213-7.
Reich DL, Silvay G. Ketamine: an update of the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Canad. J. of Anaesthesa 1989; 36: 186-197.
Franks NP, Lieb WR. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature 1994; 367: 607–614.
Sakai F, Amaha K. Midazolam and ketamine inhibit glutamate release via a cloned human brain glutamate transporter. Canad. J. of Anesthesia 2000; 47: 800-6.
Franks NP. General anesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal pathways of sleep and arousal. Nature Reviews (Neuroscience) 2008; 9: 370-386.
Scheller M, Bufler J, Hertle I, et al. Ketamine blocks currents through mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels by interaction with both the open and the closed state. Anesth. Analg 1996; 83: 830–6.
Sasaki T, Tomio A, Itaru W, et al. Nonstereoselective inhibition of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by ketamine isomers. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 741–8.
Hustveit O, Maurset A, Oye I. Interaction of the chiral forms of ketamine with opioid, phencyclidine, sigma and muscarinic receptors. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1995; 77: 355–9.
Smith DJ, Bouchal RL, Desanctis CA, et al. Properties of the interaction between ketamine and opiate binding sites in vivo and in vitro. Neuropharmacology 1987; 26: 1253–1260.
Schnoebel R, Wolff M, Peters SC, et al. Ketamine impairs excitability in superficial dorsal horn neurons by blocking sodium and voltage-gated potassium currents. Brit J. of Pharmacology 2005; 146: 826–833.
Brau ME, Sander F, Vogel W, Hempelmann G. Blocking mechanisms of ketamine and its enantiomers in enzymatically demyelinated peripheral nerve as revealed by single-channel experiments. Anesthesiology 1997; 86: 394–404.
Kawano TK, Oshita S, Takahashi A, et al. Molecular Mechanisms Sarcolemmal Channels. Anesthesiology 2005; 102: 93-101. Ketamine-mediated
Triphosphate-sensitive of Potassium
Hirota K, Lambert DG. Ketamine: its mechanism(s) of action and unusual clinical uses. Brit. J. of Anaesthesia 1996; 77: 441-4.
Akbaş L., Sarioğlu Y., Utkan T. Effect of ketamine on contractile performance of isolated frog myocardium and comparison of ketamine, thiopental and droperidol. Mater Med Pol. 1992;24 (1): 32-4
Abdalla SS, Laravuso RB, Will JA. Mechanisms of the Inhibitory Effect of Ketamine on Guinea Pig Isolated Main Pulmonary Artery. Anesth. Analg. 1994; 78: 17-22.
Kohjitani A, Shirakawa J, Okada S, Obara H. The Relaxing Effect of Ketamine on Isolated Rabbit Lower Esophageal Sphincter. Anesth Analg. 1997; 84: 433-7.
Han J, Kim N, Joo H, Kim E. Ketamine blocks Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rabbit cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003; 285: 1347-1355.
Chang Y, Chen TL, Wu GJ, et al. Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity of ketamine in human platelets. Journal of Biomedical Science 2004; 11: 764-772.
Ayrapetyan SN, Rychkov GY, Suleymanyan MA. Effects of water flow on transmembrane ionic currents in neurons of Helix pomatia and in Squid giant axon. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1988; 89: 179-186.
Ayrapetyan SN, Arvanov VL. On the mechanism of the electrogenic sodium pump dependence of membrane chemosensitivity. Comp Biochem Physiol 1979; 64: 601-604.
Ayrapetyan SN. On the physiological significance of pump- induced cell volume changes. Adv. Physiol. Sci. 1980; 23: 67-82.
Hoffman EK, Lambert IH, Pedersen SF. Physiology of cell volume regulation in vertebrates. Physiol. Rev. 2009; 89:193-277.
Ayrapetyan SN, Takenaka MA, Bakunts IS, Saghyan AA, Dadalyan SS. Reports of USSR Academy of Sciences 1986; 291:469-472.
Danielyan AA, Mirakian MM, Airapetyan SN. The dehydrating action of ketamine on malignant breast tumors. Voprosi Onkol. 1998; 44: 395-7.
Danielyan AA, Ayrapetian SN. Changes of hydration of rats’ tissues after in vivo exposure to 0.2 Tesla Steady Magnetic Field. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20: 123-128.
Takahashi R, Aprison MH. Acetylcholine content of discrete areas of the brain obtained by a near-freezing method. J. of Neurochemistry 1964; 11:887-892.
Adrian RH. The effect of internal and external potassium concentration on the membrane potential of frog muscle. J Physiol 1956; 133: 631–658.
Ayrapetyan S, Musheghyan G, Deghoyan A. The brain tissue dehydration as a mechanism of analgesic effect of hypertonic physiological solution in rats. J Int Dent Med Res 2010; 3: 93-9.
Lazzaro V, Oliviero A, Profice P, et al. Ketamine increases motor cortex excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation Physiol. 2003; 547: 485–496.
Azatian KV, White AR, Walker RJ, Ayrapetyan SN. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide-induced heart muscle relaxation. Gen. Pharmac. 1998; 30:543-553.
Saghyan AA, Hunanian Ash, Ayrapetyan SN. Effect of Locust Poison (LP) on Neuromembrane Functional Activity. General Pharmacology 1997; 29:587-590.
Tasaki I, Iwasa K. Rapid pressure changes and surface displacements in the squid giant axon associated with production of action potentials. Jpn J Physiol. 1982; 32:69-81.
Haussinger D. Regulation of Cell Function by Hydration, Biochem. J. 1996; 313:697-710.
Cooke KR. Ouabain and regulation of cellular volume in freshly prepared slices ofrabbit renal cortex. J Physiol. 1978; 279:361- 374.
Ayrapetyan SN, Suleymanyan MA. On The Pump-Induced Cell Volume Changes. Comp Biochem Physiol 1979; 64: 571-5.
Annunziato L, Pignataro G, Di Renzo GF. Pharmacology of Brain Na_/Ca2_ Exchanger: From Molecular Biology to Therapeutic Perspectives Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56: 633–654.
Saghyan AA, Dadalian SS, Takenaka T, Suleymanyan MA, Ayrapetyan SN. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the neuronal membrane functions of helix pomatia. III 22 Na efflux from the cells. Cell. And Mol. Neourobiol. 1986; 6: 397-405.
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH. Molecular biology of learning: modulation of transmitter release. Science 1982; 218: 433-442.
Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon as a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects
Kress HG. Wirkmechanismen von Ketamin. Anaesthesist 1997; 46: S8-s19.
Kohrs R, Durieux ME. Ketamine: teaching and old drug new tricks. Anesth.Analg 1998; 87: 1186-1193.
Davies SN, Alford ST, Coan EJ, Lester RA, Collingridge GL. Ketamine blocks an NMDA receptor- mediated component of synaptic transmission in rat hippocampus in a voltage-dependent manner. Neurosci Let 1988; 92: 213-7.
Reich DL, Silvay G. Ketamine: an update of the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Canad. J. of Anaesthesa 1989; 36: 186-197.
Franks NP, Lieb WR. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia. Nature 1994; 367: 607–614.
Sakai F, Amaha K. Midazolam and ketamine inhibit glutamate release via a cloned human brain glutamate transporter. Canad. J. of Anesthesia 2000; 47: 800-6.
Franks NP. General anesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal pathways of sleep and arousal. Nature Reviews (Neuroscience) 2008; 9: 370-386.
Scheller M, Bufler J, Hertle I, et al. Ketamine blocks currents through mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels by interaction with both the open and the closed state. Anesth. Analg 1996; 83: 830–6.
Sasaki T, Tomio A, Itaru W, et al. Nonstereoselective inhibition of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by ketamine isomers. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 741–8.
Hustveit O, Maurset A, Oye I. Interaction of the chiral forms of ketamine with opioid, phencyclidine, sigma and muscarinic receptors. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1995; 77: 355–9.
Smith DJ, Bouchal RL, Desanctis CA, et al. Properties of the interaction between ketamine and opiate binding sites in vivo and in vitro. Neuropharmacology 1987; 26: 1253–1260.
Schnoebel R, Wolff M, Peters SC, et al. Ketamine impairs excitability in superficial dorsal horn neurons by blocking sodium and voltage-gated potassium currents. Brit J. of Pharmacology 2005; 146: 826–833.
Brau ME, Sander F, Vogel W, Hempelmann G. Blocking mechanisms of ketamine and its enantiomers in enzymatically demyelinated peripheral nerve as revealed by single-channel experiments. Anesthesiology 1997; 86: 394–404.
Kawano TK, Oshita S, Takahashi A, et al. Molecular Mechanisms Sarcolemmal Channels. Anesthesiology 2005; 102: 93-101. Ketamine-mediated
Triphosphate-sensitive of Potassium
Hirota K, Lambert DG. Ketamine: its mechanism(s) of action and unusual clinical uses. Brit. J. of Anaesthesia 1996; 77: 441-4.
Akbaş L., Sarioğlu Y., Utkan T. Effect of ketamine on contractile performance of isolated frog myocardium and comparison of ketamine, thiopental and droperidol. Mater Med Pol. 1992;24 (1): 32-4
Abdalla SS, Laravuso RB, Will JA. Mechanisms of the Inhibitory Effect of Ketamine on Guinea Pig Isolated Main Pulmonary Artery. Anesth. Analg. 1994; 78: 17-22.
Kohjitani A, Shirakawa J, Okada S, Obara H. The Relaxing Effect of Ketamine on Isolated Rabbit Lower Esophageal Sphincter. Anesth Analg. 1997; 84: 433-7.
Han J, Kim N, Joo H, Kim E. Ketamine blocks Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rabbit cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003; 285: 1347-1355.
Chang Y, Chen TL, Wu GJ, et al. Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity of ketamine in human platelets. Journal of Biomedical Science 2004; 11: 764-772.
Ayrapetyan SN, Rychkov GY, Suleymanyan MA. Effects of water flow on transmembrane ionic currents in neurons of Helix pomatia and in Squid giant axon. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1988; 89: 179-186.
Ayrapetyan SN, Arvanov VL. On the mechanism of the electrogenic sodium pump dependence of membrane chemosensitivity. Comp Biochem Physiol 1979; 64: 601-604.
Ayrapetyan SN. On the physiological significance of pump- induced cell volume changes. Adv. Physiol. Sci. 1980; 23: 67-82.
Hoffman EK, Lambert IH, Pedersen SF. Physiology of cell volume regulation in vertebrates. Physiol. Rev. 2009; 89:193-277.
Ayrapetyan SN, Takenaka MA, Bakunts IS, Saghyan AA, Dadalyan SS. Reports of USSR Academy of Sciences 1986; 291:469-472.
Danielyan AA, Mirakian MM, Airapetyan SN. The dehydrating action of ketamine on malignant breast tumors. Voprosi Onkol. 1998; 44: 395-7.
Danielyan AA, Ayrapetian SN. Changes of hydration of rats’ tissues after in vivo exposure to 0.2 Tesla Steady Magnetic Field. Bioelectromagnetics 1999; 20: 123-128.
Takahashi R, Aprison MH. Acetylcholine content of discrete areas of the brain obtained by a near-freezing method. J. of Neurochemistry 1964; 11:887-892.
Adrian RH. The effect of internal and external potassium concentration on the membrane potential of frog muscle. J Physiol 1956; 133: 631–658.
Ayrapetyan S, Musheghyan G, Deghoyan A. The brain tissue dehydration as a mechanism of analgesic effect of hypertonic physiological solution in rats. J Int Dent Med Res 2010; 3: 93-9.
Lazzaro V, Oliviero A, Profice P, et al. Ketamine increases motor cortex excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation Physiol. 2003; 547: 485–496.
Azatian KV, White AR, Walker RJ, Ayrapetyan SN. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide-induced heart muscle relaxation. Gen. Pharmac. 1998; 30:543-553.
Saghyan AA, Hunanian Ash, Ayrapetyan SN. Effect of Locust Poison (LP) on Neuromembrane Functional Activity. General Pharmacology 1997; 29:587-590.
Tasaki I, Iwasa K. Rapid pressure changes and surface displacements in the squid giant axon associated with production of action potentials. Jpn J Physiol. 1982; 32:69-81.
Haussinger D. Regulation of Cell Function by Hydration, Biochem. J. 1996; 313:697-710.
Cooke KR. Ouabain and regulation of cellular volume in freshly prepared slices ofrabbit renal cortex. J Physiol. 1978; 279:361- 374.
Ayrapetyan SN, Suleymanyan MA. On The Pump-Induced Cell Volume Changes. Comp Biochem Physiol 1979; 64: 571-5.
Annunziato L, Pignataro G, Di Renzo GF. Pharmacology of Brain Na_/Ca2_ Exchanger: From Molecular Biology to Therapeutic Perspectives Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56: 633–654.
Saghyan AA, Dadalian SS, Takenaka T, Suleymanyan MA, Ayrapetyan SN. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on the neuronal membrane functions of helix pomatia. III 22 Na efflux from the cells. Cell. And Mol. Neourobiol. 1986; 6: 397-405.
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH. Molecular biology of learning: modulation of transmitter release. Science 1982; 218: 433-442.
Heqimyan, A., Deghoyan, A., & Ayrapetyan, S. (2011). Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon as a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research, 4(1), 42-49.
AMA
Heqimyan A, Deghoyan A, Ayrapetyan S. Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon as a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research. Mart 2011;4(1):42-49.
Chicago
Heqimyan, Armenuhi, Anush Deghoyan, ve Sinerik Ayrapetyan. “Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon As a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects”. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research 4, sy. 1 (Mart 2011): 42-49.
EndNote
Heqimyan A, Deghoyan A, Ayrapetyan S (01 Mart 2011) Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon as a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research 4 1 42–49.
IEEE
A. Heqimyan, A. Deghoyan, ve S. Ayrapetyan, “Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon as a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects”, Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 42–49, 2011.
ISNAD
Heqimyan, Armenuhi vd. “Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon As a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects”. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research 4/1 (Mart 2011), 42-49.
JAMA
Heqimyan A, Deghoyan A, Ayrapetyan S. Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon as a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research. 2011;4:42–49.
MLA
Heqimyan, Armenuhi vd. “Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon As a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects”. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research, c. 4, sy. 1, 2011, ss. 42-49.
Vancouver
Heqimyan A, Deghoyan A, Ayrapetyan S. Ketamine- Induced Cell Dehydratıon as a Mechanism of It’s Analgesic and Anesthetic Effects. Journal Of International Dental And Medical Research. 2011;4(1):42-9.