Futbolcularda Zihinsel Antrenmanın Psikofizyolojik Tepki, Seçilmiş Fiziksel Uygunluk ve Psikolojik Beceriler Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 28 - 41, 30.06.2025

Ülküm Erdoğan Yüce , Özcan Saygın , Rıdvan Ekmekçi

https://doi.org/10.51538/intjourexerpsyc.1688212

Öz

Bu çalışma, futbolcuların kalp atım hızı (HR), kalp atım hızı değişkenliği (HRV), esneklik, çeviklik, reaksiyon süresi ve psikolojik beceriler üzerinde zihinsel antrenmanın etkisini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın özgünlüğü, psikofizyolojik, fiziksel ve psikolojik ölçümleri birlikte değerlendirmesinde yatmaktadır. Çalışma, fiziksel antrenmanla birlikte uygulanan zihinsel antrenmanın sporcu performansını artıracağı ve bunun sürdürülebilir olacağı varsayımıyla planlanmıştır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 30 futbolcu, eşit olarak deney ve kontrol gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Deney grubuna 12 hafta boyunca haftada iki kez 40 dakikalık zihinsel antrenman programı uygulanmış; bu süreçte fiziksel antrenmanları da devam etmiştir. Kontrol grubuna ise yalnızca fiziksel antrenman uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler sonucunda, HR ve esneklik açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak, deney grubunda HRV, kalp-zihin uyumu (ve maksimum düzeyi), çeviklik, reaksiyon süresi ve Atletik Psikolojik Beceriler Envanteri (APSI) puanlarında anlamlı artışlar gözlenmiştir (p<0.01). Kontrol grubunda ise sadece esneklik ile “öğrenmeye açık olma” ve “baskı altında iyi performans gösterme” alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0.05), diğer ölçümlerde bir değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, zihinsel antrenman programı HRV, kalp-zihin uyumu, çeviklik, reaksiyon süresi ve bazı psikolojik beceriler üzerinde olumlu etki yaratmış; HR ve esneklik üzerinde ise etkili olmamıştır. Bu bulgular, zihinsel antrenmanın sporcu performansını artırmada önemli bir katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mental training , Psychophysiology , Biofeedback , Physical fitness , Psychological skill

Effect of Mental Training on Psychophysiological Response, Selected Physical Fitness and Psychological Skills ın Football Players

Öz

This study investigates the effects of mental training on football players' heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), flexibility, agility, reaction time, and psychological skills. The originality of the research lies in its holistic approach, combining psychophysiological, physical, and psychological measurements. The study assumes that integrating mental training with physical exercises enhances athletic performance and ensures its stability. Using a convenience sampling method, 30 football players were divided equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a 40-minute mental training program twice a week for 12 weeks alongside their regular physical training, while the control group continued only with physical training. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences between the groups in HR and flexibility. However, the experimental group showed significant improvements in HRV, heart-mind coherence (including its maximum value), agility, reaction time, and scores on the Athletic Psychological Skills Inventory (APSI) (p<0.01). Within the control group, pre-posttest comparisons showed limited improvements in flexibility and two APSI sub-dimensions—being open to learning and performing under pressure (p<0.05)—but no changes in other measures. In conclusion, the mental training program positively influenced HRV, heart-mind coherence, agility, reaction time, and key psychological skills, although it had no effect on HR or flexibility. These findings suggest that mental training can significantly contribute to enhancing athletic performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zihinsel Antrenman , Psikofizyoloji , Biyolojik Geri Bildirim , Fiziksel Uygunluk Unsurları , Psikolojik Beceri

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval of the study was received by Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Medicine and Health Sciences Ethics Committee 2 Sports-Health Decision Date 25.03.2022. Protocol number:36

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