Individualized Learning Programs in Italian Primary Education: Implications for Social Equity and Educational Outcomes

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 156 - 166, 31.03.2025

Barbara Menara

Öz

The Italian education system has undergone significant reforms in recent years with a focus on improving the quality of education and addressing longstanding challenges. This study critically analyzed the introduction of individualized learning programs in Italian primary education and their implications for diverse family systems, social networks, and the potential reinforcement of existing social disparities. While these programs aim to address individual student needs more effectively, there is a risk that they may inadvertently reinforce disadvantaged societies and impact social mobility. The study also examines the role of teacher expectations in children’s performance, drawing on pivotal research, such as the Rosenthal and Jacobson experiments, and explores the implications of these findings for student assessment and support within the Italian education system. Moreover, this study delves into the complex interplay among self-selection, equal opportunities, and implicit selection mechanisms within the educational system. Finally, the broader role of educational politics in shaping local school contexts, social networks, and cultural capital was considered, emphasizing the need for strategic investment in education to address systemic inequalities and promote equal opportunities for all children. The study concludes that a more holistic approach is necessary to combat educational inequalities, encompassing strategic educational investments, addressing systemic inequities, and fostering equal opportunities for children, while maintaining high educational standards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

individualized learning, primary education, self-selection, inequality

İtalya'da Temel Eğitimde Bireyselleştirilmiş Öğrenme Programları: Sosyal Eşitlik ve Eğitimsel Sonuçlara Etkileri

Öz

İtalyan eğitim sistemi, son yıllarda eğitimin kalitesini artırmaya ve uzun süredir devam eden sorunları ele almaya odaklanan önemli reformlardan geçmiştir. Bu çalışma, İtalya’daki ilkokul eğitimine bireyselleştirilmiş öğrenme programlarının dahil edilmesini ve bu programların farklı aile yapıları, sosyal ağlar ve mevcut toplumsal eşitsizliklerin pekişme olasılığı üzerindeki etkilerini eleştirel bir biçimde analiz etmiştir. Bu programlar, bireysel öğrenci ihtiyaçlarını daha etkili bir şekilde karşılamayı hedeflese de, farkında olmadan dezavantajlı toplulukların durumunu pekiştirme ve sosyal hareketliliği olumsuz etkileme riski taşımaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca, öğretmen beklentilerinin çocukların akademik başarısındaki rolünü de incelemekte; Rosenthal ve Jacobson’un deneyleri gibi kilit araştırmalardan yola çıkarak, bu bulguların İtalyan eğitim sisteminde öğrenci değerlendirme ve destek süreçleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma, eğitim sistemi içerisinde özseçim, fırsat eşitliği ve örtük seçme mekanizmaları arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi derinlemesine incelemektedir. Son olarak, eğitim politikalarının yerel okul bağlamlarını, sosyal ağları ve kültürel sermayeyi şekillendirmedeki daha geniş rolü ele alınmış; sistemik eşitsizliklerin giderilmesi ve tüm çocuklar için eşit fırsatların teşvik edilmesi adına eğitime stratejik yatırım yapılması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma, eğitimdeki eşitsizliklerle mücadele edebilmek için daha bütüncül bir yaklaşımın gerekli olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, stratejik eğitim yatırımlarını kapsamalı, sistemik adaletsizlikleri ele almalı ve çocuklar için eşit fırsatları teşvik ederken aynı zamanda yüksek eğitim standartlarını da korumalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bireyselleştirilmiş öğrenme, eşitsizlik, öz-seçim, ilkokul eğitimi

Kaynakça

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