Araştırma Makalesi

BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

Cilt: 5 Sayı: 8 27 Haziran 2022
PDF İndir
TR EN

BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

Öz

The Khyber Pass played a key role throughout history for the transit of Turkestan and India. This pass mostly remained under the control of the rulers of Kabulistan and the local tribes in the historical course; and attempts made from the Indian side to gain control met with great difficulties. The pass had spent the whole sixteenth century under Baburid (Mughal) rule, albeit it appears that it had become an area of conflict between the central government and the autonomous administration on the other side of it. Despite them having great armies and rich treasures and achieving spectacular success in India, the Baburid emperors had to constantly struggle with other members of the dynasty and their supporters located in Kabul. In these power struggles, Khyber became the main natural barrier separating the two factions. The struggle for dominance over the pass from Babur Shah to the reign of Akbar Shah is also a harbinger of developments such as the Anglo-Afghan Wars that took place in the following centuries. In this study, the struggles for domination on the route in question, the measures taken by the rulers of India against the attacks that could come through it, and the commercial role of the road in the said period are discussed and an assessment is presented in this context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Khyber, Afghan, Akbar Shah, Baburid (Mughal), Route

Kaynakça

  1. ‘Abbas Khan: “Târîkh-i Sher Shâhî”, The History of India as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period, trans. Sir. H. M. Elliot, London, 1872, vol. IV, p. 390.
  2. Ahmad, Khwâjah Nizâmuddîn: The Tabaqât-i-Akbarî, edt. Chandan Roychaudhuri, The Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1996 (1st printed in 1936), vol. II.
  3. ‘Allâmî, Abû’l-Fazl: The Â’în-i Akbarî, trans. Heinrich Blochmann, edt. D. C. Phillott, 3 vol., 2nd print, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1979.
  4. ‘Allâmî, Abû’l-Fazl: The Akbarnama, trans. H. Beveridge, The Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1907.
  5. Asher, Catherine B.: The New Cambridge History of India, Architecture of Mughal India, vol. I.4, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
  6. Bâbur Şah, Gazi Zahîreddin Muhammed: Baburnâme (Vekayi), trans. Reşit Rahmeti Arat, edt. Çetin Şan, İstanbul, Kabalcı Yayınevi, 2006.
  7. Bâbur Pâdshâh Ghâzî, Zahiru’d-dîn Muhammad, The Bâbur-nâma in English (Memoirs of Bâbur), trans. A. S. Beveridge, London, 1922, vol. II.
  8. Clavijo, Ruy González: Embassy to Tamerlane (1403-1406), trans. Guy le Strange, Routledge, London, 1928.
  9. Çiftçi, Ferhat: “Hayber Geçidi’nin Tarihi Coğrafyası Üzerine Bazı Notlar”, Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları, vol. CCXLVIII, p. 133-150.
  10. Dughlât, Mirza Muhammad Haidar: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia: The Tarikh-i Rashidi of Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlât, trans. E. Denison Ross, Curzon Press, 3rd print. London & Dublim & New York, 1972.

Kaynak Göster

APA
İzgin, B. (2022). BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(8), 57-68. https://izlik.org/JA78WB54AK
AMA
1.İzgin B. BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. İRTAD. 2022;5(8):57-68. https://izlik.org/JA78WB54AK
Chicago
İzgin, Burhan. 2022. “BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY”. İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 5 (8): 57-68. https://izlik.org/JA78WB54AK.
EndNote
İzgin B (01 Haziran 2022) BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 5 8 57–68.
IEEE
[1]B. İzgin, “BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY”, İRTAD, c. 5, sy 8, ss. 57–68, Haz. 2022, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA78WB54AK
ISNAD
İzgin, Burhan. “BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY”. İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/8 (01 Haziran 2022): 57-68. https://izlik.org/JA78WB54AK.
JAMA
1.İzgin B. BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. İRTAD. 2022;5:57–68.
MLA
İzgin, Burhan. “BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY”. İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 5, sy 8, Haziran 2022, ss. 57-68, https://izlik.org/JA78WB54AK.
Vancouver
1.Burhan İzgin. BABURID (MUGHAL) CONTROL ON THE KHYBER PASS IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. İRTAD [Internet]. 01 Haziran 2022;5(8):57-68. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA78WB54AK