NEIGHBORHOOD RIGHTS IN LANDOWNERSHIP IN TURKISTAN AND CRIMEA, SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES (LATE XIX AND EARLY XX CENTURY)
Öz
During the end of the XVIII – second half of the XIX century. Russia, through its colonization policy, has annexed vast territories with a predominantly Muslim population. In 1783, the Crimean Khanate became part of the Russian Empire, and the Muslims managed to remain only on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula itself. In the first half of the XIX century. Russia gradually established control over the lands of the North Caucasus from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. In the 1820s, the northern provinces of Iran, including the Azerbaijani khanates, were occupied by the empire. In the 1850s. the territories of modern Kazakhstan were finally incorporated into Russia. In the 1860s and 1880s, Russian troops conquered the territories of Central Asia, including the Kokand Khanate, part of the lands of the Bukhara Emirate, and the Turkmen territories (Transcaspian region). As a result of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, the Kara region and Adjara were conquered. Almost all of these territories had Muslim legislation. In this article, the land ownership in Turkistan and Crimea during the reign of the Russian Empire and the legal status of using it is discussed. The management of land and water economy in the country according to the traditional Shariah laws and the concept of the right of shuf’ah in landownership, its definition and status are studied. The application of the right of shuf’a’h in the landownership relationships of the population of Turkistan and Crimea and the attitude of Russian officials towards it are analyzed on the basis of primary sources and archival documents. Also, a comparative analysis of the differences in the application of this right in Crimea, which is typical to the settled population in Turkistan, and the colonial policy of the Russian government in the development of fertile lands in the occupied territories are described.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Turkistan, Crimea, landownership, land sale, shariah, property partnership, neighborhood rights.
Kaynakça
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