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BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 32 - 54, 08.12.2021

Öz

Kasım 1819’da Bombay valiliğine atanan Mountstuart Elphinstone göreve baş-ladıktan kısa bir süre sonra bölgede güçlü bir eğitim sistemi tesis etmek için harekete geçti. Eğitimin dönüştürücü rolüne inanan ve bunu farklı mecralarda dile getiren yeni vali, Bombay Hükümeti ve Bombay Eğitim Cemiyeti kanalıyla geleneksel Hindu eğitim kurumlarını himaye etmeye çalışarak bölgedeki İngiliz hâkimiyetine karşı oluşabilecek tehditleri ortadan kaldırmayı amaçladı. Yeni fatihlere karşı yerli halkın tutumunu değiştirmeye çalışan ve bir uzlaşma siyaseti benimseyen Elphinstone, İngiliz Doğu Hindistan Şirketi’nin Londra ofisinden James Mill ve Bombay vali meclisinden Francis Warden’ın ciddi eleştirilerinin hedefi haline geldi. Çabaları Londra tarafından “gereksiz” görülen Elphinstone eğitim politikalarının meşruluğunu kanıtlamak için Aralık 1823’te kapsamlı bir tutanak kaleme aldı ve tutanağında bir eğitim tahkikatı yapılmasını önerdi. Bu çalışma, bahsi geçen tutanağın ve tahkikatın asıl amacının eğitimden ziyade siyasi bir hamle olduğunu göstermeye gayret edecektir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK BİDEB 2214/A Yurt Dışı Doktora Sırası Araştırma Burs Programı kapsamında desteklenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, William, Report on the State of Education in Bengal, Calcutta: G. H. Huttmann, Bengal Military Orphan Press, 1835.
  • Adam, William, Third Report on the State of Education in Bengal, including Some Account of the State of Education in Behar, and A Consideration of the Means Adapted to the Improvement and Extension of Public Instruction in Both Provinces, Calcutta: G. H. Huttman, Bengal Military Orphan Press, 1838.
  • Andreas Gross, Y. Vincent Kumaradoss, and Heike Liebau (eds), Halle and the Beginning of Protestant Christianity in India, 3 vols, Halle: Franckesche Stiftungen, 2006.
  • Basu, A. N. (ed.), Indian Education in Parliamentary Papers, Part 1 (1832), Bombay: Calcutta: Asia Publishing House, 1952.
  • Boman-Behram, K. A., Educational Controversies in India: The Cultural Conquest of India under British Imperialism, Bombay, n. d.
  • Campbell, A. D., “On the State of Education of the Natives in Southern India”, Transactions of the Literary Society of Madras, 1/5, (1834), s. 350-360.
  • Chen, Jeng-Guo, James Mill’s History of British India in Its Intellectual Context, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Edinburgh, 2000.
  • Colebrooke, T. E., Life of Mountstuart Elphinstone, I. Cilt, London: John Murray, 1884.
  • Dharampal, The Beautiful Tree: Indigenous Indian Education in the Eighteenth Century, New Delhi: Biblia Impex, 1983.
  • DiBona, Joseph, (ed), One Teacher, One School: William Adam’s Report on Vernacular Education in Bengal, Calcutta 1835-1838, Delhi: Biblia Impex Private Ltd., 1983.
  • Duff, Alexander, “Review of William Adam’s 2nd and 3rd Reports on the State of Education in Bengal and Behar, 1836-1838”, Calcutta Review, 2, (1844), ss. 301-376.
  • Edwarness, S. M., “Maratha Administration”, The Cambridge History of India V British India 1497-1858, nşr., H. H. Dodwell, New Delhi, 1958.
  • Elphinstone, Mountstuart, Report on the Territories Conquered from the Paishwa, Submitted to the Supreme Government of British India, Calcutta: At The Government Gazette Press, 1821.
  • Forrest, G. W., Selections from the Minutes and Other Official Writings of the Honorable Mountstuart Elphinstone, London: Richard Bentley and Son, 1884.
  • Frykenberg, Robert Eric, “Modern Education in South India, 1784-1854: Its Roots and Its Role as a Vehicle of Integration under Company Raj”, The American Historical Review, 91/1, (1986), ss. 37-65.
  • Gandhi, M. K. The Future of India, International Affairs, 10/6, (November, 1931), s. 721-739.
  • Gordon, Stewart, The Marathas 1600-1818, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Great Britain East India Company, Select Committee on the House of Common, I Public, Appendix to Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Affairs of the East India Company, 1832.
  • Kenneth Ballhatchet, Social Policy and Social Change in Western India, 1817-1830, London: Oxford University Press, 1957.
  • Knowles, Adam, “Conjecturing Rudeness: James Mill’s Utilitarian Philosophy of History and the British Civilizing Mission”, Carey A. Watt and Michael Mann, (ed), Civilizing Missions in Colonial and Postcolonial South Asia From Improvement to Development, London, New York, Delhi: Anthem Press, 2011, s. 37-65.
  • Knutsford, Macaulay & Viscountess, Life and Letters of Zachary Macaulay, London: E. Arnold, 1900.
  • Majeed, Javed, Ungoverned Imaginings: James Mill’s The History of British India and Orientalism, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
  • Manan, Ahmed Asif, The Loss of Hindustan The Invention of India, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.
  • Mill, James, “East Indian Monopoly”, Edinburgh Review, 19/37, November 1811.
  • Mill, James, “East Indian Monopoly”, Edinburgh Review, 20/40, November, 1812.
  • Mill, James, “Malcolm’s Sketch of the Sikhs”, Edinburgh Review, 21/42, July 1813.
  • Mill, James, History of British India, 2 Volumes, London: Baldwin, Cradock, & Joy, 1817.
  • Mill, James, History of British India, ed. with notes by Horace Hayman Wilson, 10 Volumes, 5th edisyon, London: James Madden, 1858.
  • Parulekar, R. V., Selections from Educational Records (Bombay) Part II, 1815-1840, Bombay, Calcutta: Asia Publishing House, 1955.
  • Parulekar, R.V. (ed.), Survey of Indigenous Education on the Province of Bombay (1820—1830), Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1951.
  • Penelope Carson, The East India Company and Religion 1698-1858, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2012.
  • Rao, Parimala V., Beyond Macaulay Education in India 1780-1860, London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
  • Ricardo, David, Piero Saffra and M. H. Dobb, (eds.), The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo, Volume VIII, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951.
  • Richter, Julius, A History of Missions in India, translated by Sydney H. Moore, New York, Chicago, Toronto: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1908.
  • Row, V. Venkata Gopal (ed.), Life of Vennelacunty Soob Row (Native of Ongole), Translator of the Late Sudr Court, Madras, from 1815 to 1829, As Written by Himself, Madras: Foster Press, 1873.
  • Sharp, Henry, (ed.), Bureau of Education, India, Selections from Educational Records Part I, 1781-1839, Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing, India, 1920.
  • The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, 54, 13 October 1931 – 8 February 1931, New Delhi: Publications Division Government of India, 1999, s. 53-66.
  • The Law Relating to India, and the East India Company; with Notes and an Appendix, London: William H. Allen, 1840.
  • The Missionary Register, 1813, London: 1816.
  • Tschurenev, Jana, Empire, Civil Society, and the Beginnings of the Colonial Education in India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
  • Zastoupil, Lynn and Moir, Martin, (ed.), The Great Indian Education Debate: Documents Relating to Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy, 1781-1843, London: Curzon Press, 1999.

THE BOMBAY EDUCATIONAL SURVEY AS A POLITICAL MOVE

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 32 - 54, 08.12.2021

Öz

Mountstuart Elphinstone was appointed as Governor of Bombay in November 1819 and after that he immediately attempted to build an education system in the region. Believing in the transformative role of education and expressing this in different media, the new governor made an effort to protect traditional Hindu educational institutions through the Bombay Government and the Bombay Education Society, aiming to eliminate threats that may arise against British domination in the region. Trying to change the attitude of the indigenous people towards the new conquerors and adopting a policy of conciliation, Elphinstone became the target of serious criticism from James Mill of the London office of the East India Company and Francis Warden of the Bombay governor’s coun-cil. His efforts were called “useless” by London, and to prove the legitimacy of his educational policies, he penned a comprehensive minute in December 1823 and in this minute he recommended an educational survey in the Presidency. This study will claim that the report and the survey were a political move and will try to show that these steps political motives rather than education.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, William, Report on the State of Education in Bengal, Calcutta: G. H. Huttmann, Bengal Military Orphan Press, 1835.
  • Adam, William, Third Report on the State of Education in Bengal, including Some Account of the State of Education in Behar, and A Consideration of the Means Adapted to the Improvement and Extension of Public Instruction in Both Provinces, Calcutta: G. H. Huttman, Bengal Military Orphan Press, 1838.
  • Andreas Gross, Y. Vincent Kumaradoss, and Heike Liebau (eds), Halle and the Beginning of Protestant Christianity in India, 3 vols, Halle: Franckesche Stiftungen, 2006.
  • Basu, A. N. (ed.), Indian Education in Parliamentary Papers, Part 1 (1832), Bombay: Calcutta: Asia Publishing House, 1952.
  • Boman-Behram, K. A., Educational Controversies in India: The Cultural Conquest of India under British Imperialism, Bombay, n. d.
  • Campbell, A. D., “On the State of Education of the Natives in Southern India”, Transactions of the Literary Society of Madras, 1/5, (1834), s. 350-360.
  • Chen, Jeng-Guo, James Mill’s History of British India in Its Intellectual Context, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Edinburgh, 2000.
  • Colebrooke, T. E., Life of Mountstuart Elphinstone, I. Cilt, London: John Murray, 1884.
  • Dharampal, The Beautiful Tree: Indigenous Indian Education in the Eighteenth Century, New Delhi: Biblia Impex, 1983.
  • DiBona, Joseph, (ed), One Teacher, One School: William Adam’s Report on Vernacular Education in Bengal, Calcutta 1835-1838, Delhi: Biblia Impex Private Ltd., 1983.
  • Duff, Alexander, “Review of William Adam’s 2nd and 3rd Reports on the State of Education in Bengal and Behar, 1836-1838”, Calcutta Review, 2, (1844), ss. 301-376.
  • Edwarness, S. M., “Maratha Administration”, The Cambridge History of India V British India 1497-1858, nşr., H. H. Dodwell, New Delhi, 1958.
  • Elphinstone, Mountstuart, Report on the Territories Conquered from the Paishwa, Submitted to the Supreme Government of British India, Calcutta: At The Government Gazette Press, 1821.
  • Forrest, G. W., Selections from the Minutes and Other Official Writings of the Honorable Mountstuart Elphinstone, London: Richard Bentley and Son, 1884.
  • Frykenberg, Robert Eric, “Modern Education in South India, 1784-1854: Its Roots and Its Role as a Vehicle of Integration under Company Raj”, The American Historical Review, 91/1, (1986), ss. 37-65.
  • Gandhi, M. K. The Future of India, International Affairs, 10/6, (November, 1931), s. 721-739.
  • Gordon, Stewart, The Marathas 1600-1818, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • Great Britain East India Company, Select Committee on the House of Common, I Public, Appendix to Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Affairs of the East India Company, 1832.
  • Kenneth Ballhatchet, Social Policy and Social Change in Western India, 1817-1830, London: Oxford University Press, 1957.
  • Knowles, Adam, “Conjecturing Rudeness: James Mill’s Utilitarian Philosophy of History and the British Civilizing Mission”, Carey A. Watt and Michael Mann, (ed), Civilizing Missions in Colonial and Postcolonial South Asia From Improvement to Development, London, New York, Delhi: Anthem Press, 2011, s. 37-65.
  • Knutsford, Macaulay & Viscountess, Life and Letters of Zachary Macaulay, London: E. Arnold, 1900.
  • Majeed, Javed, Ungoverned Imaginings: James Mill’s The History of British India and Orientalism, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
  • Manan, Ahmed Asif, The Loss of Hindustan The Invention of India, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.
  • Mill, James, “East Indian Monopoly”, Edinburgh Review, 19/37, November 1811.
  • Mill, James, “East Indian Monopoly”, Edinburgh Review, 20/40, November, 1812.
  • Mill, James, “Malcolm’s Sketch of the Sikhs”, Edinburgh Review, 21/42, July 1813.
  • Mill, James, History of British India, 2 Volumes, London: Baldwin, Cradock, & Joy, 1817.
  • Mill, James, History of British India, ed. with notes by Horace Hayman Wilson, 10 Volumes, 5th edisyon, London: James Madden, 1858.
  • Parulekar, R. V., Selections from Educational Records (Bombay) Part II, 1815-1840, Bombay, Calcutta: Asia Publishing House, 1955.
  • Parulekar, R.V. (ed.), Survey of Indigenous Education on the Province of Bombay (1820—1830), Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1951.
  • Penelope Carson, The East India Company and Religion 1698-1858, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2012.
  • Rao, Parimala V., Beyond Macaulay Education in India 1780-1860, London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
  • Ricardo, David, Piero Saffra and M. H. Dobb, (eds.), The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo, Volume VIII, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951.
  • Richter, Julius, A History of Missions in India, translated by Sydney H. Moore, New York, Chicago, Toronto: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1908.
  • Row, V. Venkata Gopal (ed.), Life of Vennelacunty Soob Row (Native of Ongole), Translator of the Late Sudr Court, Madras, from 1815 to 1829, As Written by Himself, Madras: Foster Press, 1873.
  • Sharp, Henry, (ed.), Bureau of Education, India, Selections from Educational Records Part I, 1781-1839, Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing, India, 1920.
  • The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, 54, 13 October 1931 – 8 February 1931, New Delhi: Publications Division Government of India, 1999, s. 53-66.
  • The Law Relating to India, and the East India Company; with Notes and an Appendix, London: William H. Allen, 1840.
  • The Missionary Register, 1813, London: 1816.
  • Tschurenev, Jana, Empire, Civil Society, and the Beginnings of the Colonial Education in India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
  • Zastoupil, Lynn and Moir, Martin, (ed.), The Great Indian Education Debate: Documents Relating to Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy, 1781-1843, London: Curzon Press, 1999.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mahmut Cihat İzgi 0000-0002-4031-443X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA İzgi, M. C. (2021). BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI. İran Ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(7), 32-54.
AMA İzgi MC. BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI. İRTAD. Aralık 2021;4(7):32-54.
Chicago İzgi, Mahmut Cihat. “BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI”. İran Ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 4, sy. 7 (Aralık 2021): 32-54.
EndNote İzgi MC (01 Aralık 2021) BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI. İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 4 7 32–54.
IEEE M. C. İzgi, “BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI”, İRTAD, c. 4, sy. 7, ss. 32–54, 2021.
ISNAD İzgi, Mahmut Cihat. “BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI”. İran ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 4/7 (Aralık 2021), 32-54.
JAMA İzgi MC. BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI. İRTAD. 2021;4:32–54.
MLA İzgi, Mahmut Cihat. “BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI”. İran Ve Turan Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 7, 2021, ss. 32-54.
Vancouver İzgi MC. BİR SİYASİ HAMLE OLARAK BOMBAY EĞİTİM TAHKİKATI. İRTAD. 2021;4(7):32-54.