Modernleşme ve Sekülerleşme Kuramlarş Bağlamında Din, Toplumsal Değişme ve İslâm Dünyası

Öz

Bu makalede, sosyal bilimciler arasında uzun süredir genel kabul gören ancak son yıllarda eleştirilen modernleşme ve sekülerleşme kuramlarının günümüzdeki dinî ve toplumsal değişmeyi ne kadar açıklayabildiği tartışılacaktır. Modernleşme ve doğal sonucu olduğu varsayılan sekülerleşme kuramlarıyla ilgili kuramsal eleştiriler yanında İslâm dünyasındaki laiklik projeleri, tartışmaları, uygulamaları ve bunların siyasî ve toplumsal yansımaları üzerinde durulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sekülerleşme kuramı
• dinî ve toplumsal değişme
• İslam dünyasında sekülerleşme

Religion, Social Change and the Muslim World in Light of Modernization and Secularization Theories

Öz

It is a commonly accepted notion that secular modernity has a weakening effect on traditional forms of religious life and leads to a retreat in the scope and influence of religious discourses and institutions. This article challenges the prophecies of traditional secularization theory which establishes an unavoidable connection between the rise of modernity and a universal decline of religion. Drawing upon recent developments in the globe, it is argued in this article that the secularization theory failed to predict the future of religion in the contemporary world. It is true that the secular modernity has caused a decline in the popularity of religious beliefs especially in Western Europe which is described as an exception rather than the rule. This article shows that religion is on the rise in many regions and the classical secularization theory can not explain the current developments in the world. Therefore, it is suggested that a novel approach should be adopted which should take search for meaning and existential value of religion into account especially in the Muslim world where the Western modernity is imposed from above.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Secularization Theory
• Religion and Social Change
• Secularizationin the Muslim World

Kaynakça

1. Mills, C. Wright, Sociological Imagination, New York: Grove Press, 1959.