Sosyal Bilimlerde Bir Yenilenme İmkânı Olarak İbn Haldûn

Yıl 2006, Sayı: 16, 137 - 167, 01.07.2006

Faruk Yaslıçimen Lütfi Sunar

Öz

Günümüzde modern sosyal bilimlerin bakışı genellikle pozitivisttir. Pozitivizm olguların bilimsel verideki gibi olduğunu kabul eden bir düşüncedir. Ona karşı gelişen ve post-modern olarak adlandırılan düşünce ise aslında tepki olmanın ötesinde bir anlama sahip değildir. Pozitivist düşünce bilimi salt bir olgusal gerçeklik düzeyine indirgemekte ve gerçekliği de fiziki gerçeklikle sınırlamaktadır. Her ne kadar bunun tarihsel, toplumsal ve iktisadi temelleri olsa da biz bu makalede buna eğilmeyerek hakikat yitiminin ve pozitivist bilim anlayışının modern Batılı ve daha sonra da Müslüman toplumların belleğinde, yaşayışında ve kendilik algısında ne tür değişimlere yol açtığını ve buna metodolojik bir çıkış yolu olarak İbn Haldûn’un ilmî uğraşını ve onun umran teorisini inceleyeceğiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İbn Haldûn, Umran teorisi, sosyal bilimler, yenilenme

Ibn Khaldun as a Source of Renewal in Social Sciences

Öz

Much research has been conducted on the social theories of Ibn Khaldun. Again, to the same extent, his methodology and his different approaches have been studied by comparing them with his work, Kitab al-‘Ibar, from a historical point of view. But as some of the sections in al-Muqaddimah are quite difficult and as there is a lack of knowledge about the cultural and scientific history of the Maghrib, his contributions as a scientific and philosophical historian, or more correctly as a metaphysicist, have been overlooked and not examined as they should have been. Thus, for this reason, the overall approach that follows his scientific methodology has been neglected. In particular, this overall approach was put forward with Ibn Khaldun’s study of ‘umran. One of the greatest problems encountered in trying to understand him today is that the work of Ibn Khaldun is evaluated not within his own time, but rather in a modern context. To try to understand Ibn Khaldun in the paradigm of existing social sciences is problematic, as the disintegration of social sciences themselves is reflected in such an effort and results in a non-integrated concept. This paper will examine two basic problematics. The first of these is the thought presented in Ibn Khaldun’s al-Muqaddimah and the methodology followed as a potential alternative approach to the crisis of disintegration that is being experienced in modern social sciences. The second problematic is the possibility of the ‘umran theory of Ibn Khaldun, who thought that he was living in a period of decline, as a perspective that will allow contemporary Muslims, who are in a similar decline, to once again write world history.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ibn Khaldun

Kaynakça

• Coşkun, İsmail, “Modernliğin Kaynakları: Rönesans Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Sosyoloji Dergisi, 3. Dizi, sy. 6, 2003.