İbn Haldûn’un “es-Siyâsetü’l-medeniyye” Teorisini Eleştirisi

Yıl 2006, Sayı: 15, 115 - 140, 01.01.2006

Şenol Korkut

Öz

İbn Haldûn’un özellikle metafizik alanı hakkında burhanî ve nesnel bilgi elde etmenin imkânsızlığından kalkarak felâsifenin epistemolojisine getirdiği eleştiriler, fizik ve metafizik alanında olduğu kadar, toplum ve siyaset düşüncesi alanında da onlardan farklı bir tutum takınmasına sebep olmuş, dolayısıyla kendi kurduğu umran ilmi ile felâsifenin es-siyâsetü’l-medeniyye teorisinin metodu ve konuları birbirinden farklılık göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İbn Haldûn, es-siyasetü'l-medeniyye, umran

Ibn Khaldun’s Critigue of the Theory of “al-Siyasah al-Madaniyyah”

Öz

In this paper the method proposed by Ibn Khaldun in the political arena, both in classic political philosophy and in Islamic political thought, will be examined in its original dimensions. The political philosophy that started with al-Farabi as a systematic style of thought in Islamic thought used deduction as a mandatory part of the tradition belonging to the philosopher, adopting the explanatory method in the framework of divine laws of social events and facts; the demonstrative method was seen to be insufficient for matters of human and infinite will, thus the matter was to be evaluated in the light of divine rules. In one sense this is a journey from “description” to “depiction”. Ibn Khaldun stated that this method remains insufficient to explain social phenomena and events, and widening this perspective, indicated that political philosophy, in one sense, is compelled to present a utopian social model, and departing from this point criticized al-Farabi as not being a philosophical realist. At this point, the accusations made against the philosophers and his approach to the criticism of civil political science are investigated as to whether or not Ibn Khaldun approached political philosophy from a universal point of view, and if, while making these accusations, the theories of the philosophers were taken into account. In this situation, the modern philosophers try to explain what has to be, while Ibn Khaldun explains what is; from this point of view Ibn Khaldun’s approach seems to be more scientific. Secondly, in this paper different interpretations that have been made today on the structure of the method put forward by Ibn Khaldun are examined, and which of these methods is closest to the thought of Ibn Khaldun is scrutinized. Interpretations of which intellectual tradition Ibn Khaldun belongs to in Islamic thought are given. Moreover, starting with the political theories of al-Farabi, the philosophical heritage and its influence of political doctrine is discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ibn Khaldun, al-Siyasah al-Madaniyyah, umran

Kaynakça

• İbn Haldûn, Kitâbü’l-İber (nşr. Nasr al-Hûrînî), Bulak 1284.