Mısır Fātimī Devletinde Siyahi Hadımlar, Köle Askerler ve Cariyeler

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 50, 75 - 91, 31.07.2023

Muhammed Seyyit Şen

https://doi.org/10.26570/isad.1284776

Öz

Black Eunuchs, Slave Soldiers and Concubines in Fātimid Egypt

Öz

Although slavery was a common practice in medieval Muslim societies, this subject had not been studied enough. Yet, scholars recently have begun to focus on the subject of slavery in the Muslim world, and produced new academic monographs about it. As a part of this fashion, in my paper, I will try to answer how slavery was perceived and practiced in Fātimid Egypt. Particularly, I will argue that the position of African black slaves in the Fātimid Empire goes beyond the simple dichotomy of free and un-free and of black slaves and white masters. Also, I will argue that even though African black slaves were subordinated and marginalized in the Fātimid Empire, they created new opportunities for themselves and advanced into the highest positions in the Fātimid state structure. Besides, I will argue that African black slaves (eunuchs, commanders, and concubines) were not a marginal group but a dominant one that played important roles in the Fātimid political life throughout its history.

Anahtar Kelimeler

The Middle Ages, Slavery, Muslim Societies, the Fātimids, Egypt

Mısır Fātimī Devletinde Siyahi Hadımlar, Köle Askerler ve Cariyeler

Öz

Kölelik Ortaçağ Müslüman toplumlarında yaygın bir uygulama olmasına rağmen, İslam Dünyasındaki kölelik konusu uzun zamandır çalışılmamıştır. Fakat son zamanlarda, bu alanda yeni akademik çalışmalar ortaya konmaya başlanmıştır. Bu tarz çalışmaların bir parçası olarak, aşağıdaki makalede Mısır Fātımī İmparatorluğunda köleliğe nasıl bakıldığı ve köleliğin nasıl uygulandığı gibi konulara odaklanılacaktır. Yine, Afrikalı siyahi kölelerin Fātımīlerdeki konumlarından yola çıkılarak, Ortaçağ İslam Dünyasındaki kölelik uygulamasının özgür ile özgür olmayan veya siyahi köleler ile beyaz efendiler gibi iki karşıt gruba indirgenerek değerlendirilmesinin doğru bir yaklaşım tarzı olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır. Yanı sıra, Fātimīlerdeki siyahi kölelerin özgürlüklerini kaybetmiş olmalarına ve zor hayat şartlarına maruz kalmalarına rağmen kendilerine nasıl yeni fırsatlar yarattıklarının ve Fātımī devlet yapısında en yüksek mevkilere kadar nasıl yükseldiklerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılacaktır. Ayrıca, Fātimīlerdeki Afrikalı siyahi kölelerin (hadımlar, komutanlar ve cariyeler olarak) marjinal bir grup olmaktan ziyade, tarih boyunca Fātımī siyasi hayatını derinden etkileyen bir gruba nasıl dönüştüklerine işaret edilecektir. Böylelikle, Fātimīlerdeki siyahi kölelerin konumlarından hareketle Ortaçağ İslam Dünyasındaki kölelik uygulamasına ışık tutulmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ortaçağ, Kölelik, Müslüman Topluluklar, Fātimīler, Mısır

Kaynakça

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