Abstract

Nowadays increasing of competition leads businesses to seek in ways to become successful. In this purpose, businesses implement to new management tecniques that help to distinguish themselves than their competitors. Tqm is a tecnique that adopted and implemented by most of the businesses within those tecniques. If we think that organizational culture improves on organizational performance and firm competition, It is obvious that organization culture and climate consensus with tqm tecnique provide an important competitive advantage to firms towards their competitiors. But to implement succesfully of this tecnique, organization culture and climate must have been fitted to this tecnique. Therefore, aim of our study provides a theoretical frame to matter that organization culture and climate are important in success of tqm.

Keywords

• Culture, Organization Culture, Organization Performance, Organization Climate, TQM (Total Quality Management)

İşletmelerde Toplam Kalite Yönetim Uygulamalarının Başarısında Örgüt Kültürü Ve İkliminin Önemi: Kuramsal Bir Çerçeve

Öz

Günümüzde rekabetin giderek artması işletmeleri başarılı olmanın farklı yollarını aramaya yöneltir. Bu amaçla işletmeler, kendi işletmelerini diğer rakip işletmelerden farklılaştırmalarına yardım edecek yeni yönetim tekniklerini uygulamaktadırlar. TKY, işletmelerin büyük bir kısmının uyguladıkları ve benimsedikleri bir tekniktir. Örgüt kültürünün örgüt performansı ve rekabetçiliğini geliştirdiği düşünülürse TKY ile uyumlu bir örgüt kültür ve ikliminin, işletmelere rakipleri karşısında önemli bir rekabet avantajı sağlayacağı açıktır. Ancak bu tekniğin başarılı olarak uygulanması için örgüt kültür ve ikliminin bu tekniğe uygun olması gereklidir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızın amacı TKY’nin başarısında örgüt kültür ve ikliminin önemi konusunda kuramsal bir çerçeve vermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültür, Örgüt kültürü, Örgüt Performansı, Örgüt iklimi, TKY (Toplam Kalite Yönetimi)

Kaynakça

1. Akat, İlter ve Diğerleri (1997), İşletme Yönetimi, İzmir
2. Al-Khalifa, Khalifa N. ve Elaine M. Aspinwall (2001), Using The Competing Values Frame Work to Investigate The Culture of Qatar Industries, Total Quality Management, Vol.12, No.4, ss.417–428
3. Ankrah, N. A. ve D. A. Langford (2005), Architects and Contractors: A Comparative Study of Organizational Cultures, Construction Management and Economics, 23, ss.595–607
4. Barutçugil, İsmet (2004), Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, Birinci Baskı, İstanbul: Kariyer Yayıncılık İletişim, Eğitim Hiz. Ltd. Şti.
5. Beer, Michael (2003), Why Total Quality Management Programs Do Not Persist: The Role of Management Quality and Implications for Leading a TQM Transformation, Decision Sciences, Vol.34, No.4, ss.623-642
6. Burton, Richard M. ve Diğerleri (2004), The Impact of Organizational Climate and Srategic Fit on Firm Performance, Human Resource Management, Vol.43, No.1, ss.67–82
7. Can, Halil (1997), Organizasyon ve Yönetim, 4. Baskı, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi
8. Chan, Andrew ve Stewart Clegg (2002), History, Culture and Organization Studies, Culture and Organization, 8 (4), ss. 259–273

9. Çırpan, Hüseyin ve Mustafa Koyuncu (1998), İşletme Kültürünün Alt Kademe Yöneticileri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Örnek Olay Çalışması (Elektronik Versiyon), Öneri C.2, S.9, ss.223–230
10. Dastmalchian, Ali ve Diğerleri (2000), The Interplay Between Organizational and National Cultures: A Comparison of Organizational Practices in Canada and South Korea Using The Competing Values Framework, Int.J. of Human Resource Management, 11:2, ss.388-412
11. De Witte, Karel ve Jaap J. Van Muijen (1999), Organizational Culture, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8 (4), ss.497–502 Erdoğan, İlhan (1987), İşletmelerde Davranış, İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayını
12. Eren, Erol (1997), İşletmelerde Stratejik Yönetim ve İşletme Politikaları, İstanbul: Der Yayınevi
13. Fay, Doris ve Diğerleri (2004), Proactive Climate in A Post-Reorganization Setting: When Staff Compensate Managers’ Weakness, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13(2), ss.241–267
14. Gallear, David ve Abby Ghobadian (2004), An Empirical Investigation of The Channels That Facilitata a Total Quality Culture, Total Quality Management, Vol.15, No.8, ss. 1043–1067
15. Goh, P.L. ve K. Ridgway (1994), The Implemantation of Total Quality Management in Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Companies, The TQM Magazine, Vol.6, No.2, ss.54–60
16. Green, Peter ve Darren Stevens (1999), Organization Culture: A Case Study of A Leisure Centre in The UK, Managing Leisure, 4, ss.40–57
17. Grojean, Michael W. ve Diğerleri (2004), Leaders, Values, and Organizational Climate: Examining Leadrship Strategies for Establishing An Organizational Climate Regarding Ethics, Journal Of Business Ethics, 55, ss.223–241
18. Güçlü, Nezahat (2003), Örgüt Kültürü, Kırgızistan- Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Elektronik Versiyon), Sayı–6, ss. 147–159
19. Hajnal, György (2005), The Spirit of Management Reforms, Public Management Review, Vol.7, Issue.4, ss.495–513
20. Hayes, Bryan ve Diğerleri (2002), Climate for Opportunity: A Conceptual Model, Human Resource Management Review, 12, ss.445–468
21. Hildebrandt Steen ve Diğerleri (1991), Quality Culture and TQM, Total Quality Management, Vol.2, No.1, ss.1–15
22. Irani, Z. ve Diğerleri (2004), Total Quality Management and Corporate Culture: Constructs of Organizational Excellence, Technovation, 24, ss.643–650
23. Joseph, I.Nelson (1999), Organizational Factors and Total Quality Management-An Emprical Study, Int.J. Prod. Res., Vol.37, No.6, ss.1337-1352
24. Ju Yen, Hsıu ve Diğerleri (2002), A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Top Management Personality for TQM Implementation, Total Quality Management, Vol.13, No.3, ss.335–346
25. Kekale, Tauno ve Diğerleri (2004), To Make ıt ‘Total’: Quality Management Over Subcultures, Total Quality Management, Vol.15, No.8, ss.1093–1108
26. Lakshman, C. (2006), A Theory of Leadership for Quality: Lessons from TQM for Leadership Theory, Total Quality Management, Vol.17, No.1, ss.41–60
27. Lin, Chinho ve Diğerleri (1999), The Association Between Organizational Climate and Quality Management Practices: Empirical Study on Small-and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Companies in Taiwan, Total Quality Management, Vol.10, No.6, ss.863–868
28. Loosemore, Martin (1999), International Construction Management Research: Cultural Sensitivity in Methodological Design, Construction Management and Economics, 17, ss.553–561
29. Manley, Joan E. (1998), Symbol, Ritual and Doctrine: The Cultural ‘Tool Kit’ of TQM, Journal of Quality Management, Vol.3, No.2, ss.175–191
30. Mohd Yusof, Shari ve Elaine Aspinwall (2000), Total Quality Management Implementation Frame Works: Comparison and Review, Total Quality Management, Vol.11, No.3, ss.281–294
31. Neal, A. ve Diğerleri (2000), The Impact of Organizational Climate on Safety Climate and Individual Behavior, Safety Science, 34, ss.99–109
32. Ogbonna, Emmannuel ve Lloyd C. Haris (2000), Leadership Style, Organizatioanl Culture and Performance: Empirical Evidence from UK Companies, Int. J. Of Human Resource Management, 11: 4, ss.766–788
33. Özyazılım, Özgür, Örgüt Kültürü (İstanbul, Marmara Üniversitesi), www. ozyazilim.com/Ozgur/Marmara/organizasyon
34. Özyılmaz, Adnan ve Abdulvahap Baydaş (2004), İşletme Stratejilerinin Belirlenmesi/Uygulanmasında Ayarlı Konsensüs ve Kültürel Uyumlaştırma, İçinde
35. İsmail Bakan (Editör), Çağdaş Yönetim Yaklaşımları, ss. 509–524, Birinci Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş.
36. Patterson, Malcolm ve Diğerleri (2005), Validating The Organizational Climate Measure: Links To Managerial Practices Productivity and Innovation, Journal
37. Of Organizational Behavior, 26, ss.379–408 Phelan, Michael W., (2005), Cultural Revitalization Movements in Organization Change Management, Journal of Change Management, Vol.5, No.1, ss.47–56
38. Price, A. D. F. ve K. Chahal (2006), A Strategic Framework for Change Management, Construction Management and Economics, 24, ss.237–251
39. Recht, Ricardo ve Celeste Wilderom (1998), Kaizen and Culture: On The Transferability of Japanese Suggestion Systems, International Business Review, 7, ss.7–22
40. Ruigrok, Winfried ve Leona Achtenhagen (1999), Organizational Culture and The Transformation Towards New Forms of Organizing, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8 (4), ss.521–536
41. Saker, Jim ve Gareth Smith (1997), Towards Culture-Driven Strategic Marketing Planning: The Use of Participatory Action Research, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 5, ss.127–141
42. Sayılar, Yücel (2003). Kültürel Değişim Kültüre Ne Kadar Duyarlı? Kültürel Değişimin Nedenleri ve Değişim Süreci Üzerine Bir İnceleme (Elektronik Versiyon). Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt XXII, Sayı2, ss.131–150
43. Seetharaman, A. ve Diğerleri (2006), Critical Success Factors of Total Quality Management, Quality&Quantity, 40, ss.675–695
44. Şimşek, Muhittin (2004), İş Hayatında Mükemmellik, Birinci Baskı, İstanbul: Hayat Yayıncılık Şimşek, Muhittin ve Mustafa Nursoy (2002), Toplam Kalite Yönetiminde Performans Ölçme, İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları
45. Şimşek, Nevin ve Mehmet Fidan (2005), Kurum Kültürü ve Liderlik, Birinci Baskı, Konya: Sedat Ofset Matbaacılık
46. Tata, Jasmine ve Sameer Prasad (1998), Cultural and Structural Constraints on Total Quality Management Implementation, Total Quality Management, Vol.9, No.8, ss. 703–710
47. Tosun, Kemal (1990), Yönetim ve İşletme Politikası, Birinci Cilt, İstanbul: Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Yayını
48. Van Muijen, Jaap J. ve Diğerleri (1999), Organizational Culture: The Focus Questionnaire, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(4), ss.551–568
49. Van Oudenhoven, Jan Pieter (2001), Do Organizations, Reflect National Cultures? A 10-Nation Study, International Journal of Interculturel Relations, 25, ss.89–107
50. Wruck, Karen Hopper ve Michael C.Jensen (1998), Professional Forum: The Two Key Principles Behind Effective TQM Programs, European Financial Management, Vol.4, No.3, ss.401–423
51. Yong, Josephine ve Adrian Wilkinson (2001), Rethinking Total Quality Management, Total Quality Management, Vol.12, No.2, ss.247–258