Türkiye’de Yaşlı Bireylerin Bakım Gereksinimlerine Yönelik Yaşadığı Ortamda Sunulacak Bakım Modelleri

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 115 - 130, 01.12.2011

Yrd.doç.dr.sema Oğlak

Öz

Günümüzde yaşlı nüfus artışı yalnızca gelişmiş ülkelerin değil gelişmekte ve az gelişmiş ülkelerin de önemli sosyo-ekonomik ve politik gündeminde yer almaktadır. Yaşlanan nüfusla beraber, sağlık harcamaları ve bakım ihtiyacı da hızla artmaktadır. Nüfusun yaşlanması ve daha uzun yaşama; yalnızca sosyal güvenlik sisteminde değil aynı zamanda uzun süreli bakım gereksinimi ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilgili sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ortaya çıkacak sorunlara yönelik olarak, maliyeti düşük ve tüm toplumu kapsayacak yeni bakım çözümlerinin bulunmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bakım yükünün artması ve yaşam kalitesi beklentisinin yükselmesiyle birçok ülkenin yaşlı bakım politikalarını, kurumsal bakım hizmetlerinden yaşadığı çevrede veya evde bakım hizmetlerine doğru değiştirmelerine ve bütünleşik farklı bakım modellerine yöneldikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlanma sorunu ile daha önce karşılaşmış ülkelerin maliyetleri azaltan, yaşam kalitesini yükselten ve bakım yükünü azaltan topluma dayalı bakım modeli uygulamalarının ülkemizde de yaygınlaştırılmasına yönelik farkındalık yaratmaktır. Türkiye’nin, gelecekte bireyi toplumundan ayırmayan, memnuniyeti yüksek ve maliyeti düşük bakım modellerine daha fazla ihtiyacı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşlı, topluma dayalı bakım, yaşam kalitesi, bakım yükü, bakım politikaları

The Communıty-Based Care Models For The Need Of Care Of Elderly People In Turkey

Öz

Currently, the increase of elderly people has been on the important socio-economic and political agenda of not only the developed countries; but of the developing countries, as well. Along with aging population the need of care and health and social care expenditure has rapidly been increasing. Aging of the population and longevity brings along the challenges not only in the social security system, at the same time it brings the problems concerning long-term care and quality of life. In this context, aiming at the problems to arise, both cost-effective and universal new care solutions are needed. With the increase of care burden and the expectation of the quality of life, it is noticed that a lot of countries, in the surrounding where they community or at home, are changing their elderly care policy from the institutional care system services to the community care services, and aiming at the holistic care models. The aim of this study is to raise awareness in our country intending at generalazing the implementation of care models based on the community that increase quality of life, reduce costs and care expenditures of the countries confronted aging problems before. The reason for this is that Turkey will need more care models that will social inclusion an idividual, and that will higher level of satisfaction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elderly, community-based care, quality of life, care burden, care policy

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