BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 5, 95 - 114, 01.12.2009

Öz

This paper entails an analysis of the transformations of the so called modern employment system in relation to the concept of flexicurity, according to an European hegemonic institutional version. Specifically, it focuses in the changes operated in the relationship between employment and social protection in terms of regulatory principles and ideological basis within two presumed different cognitive-normative frameworks, which correspond to two different historical contexts in the Western world: the fordian and post-fordian era. This is strongly connected to the development and the subsequent crisis/reform of the Welfare State, linked to the keynesian-fordian Pact. The first section of the study offers a theoretical travel along the arising and institutionalisation of the modern employment system. The second explores the factors and the features of the decline of this model. Finally, the third section is dedicated to the analysis of European discourses about flexicurity. Flexicurity, as an “ideal” political strategy to face and adapt to new (economic/social) challenges posed by globalization, contents a new notion of security in the area of employment. In the conclusions, the transcendence of this new notion of security is manifested in the apparition of a new representation of the citizen and of the employee that emerges from the transformation of the relationships: worker-employer, State-market and State –individual.

Kaynakça

  • Ashford, D.E. (1989) La aparición de los Es- tados de bienestar. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.
  • Andersen, N.A. (2003) Discursive analytical strategies. Bristol: Policy Press
  • Beveridge, W. (1942) “Social Insurance and Allied Services”. London: Majesty’s Stat. Office.
  • Billig, M. (1987), Arguing and thinking. A rhetorical approach to social psycho- logy. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press.
  • Boltanski, L. & Chiapello, E. (2002), El nuevo espíritu del capitalismo. Madrid: Akal.
  • Bonnechère, M. (2008) “Travail décent et “modernisation” du droit du travail” en Travail et Emploi. Flexecurité et ré- forme du marché du travail. Nº 113, pp. 91-102
  • Bourdieu, P. (2000), Contrafuegos. Paris: Anagrama
  • Castel, R. (1997) Las metamorfosis de la cu- estión social: una crónica del salariado. Buenos Aires [etc.] : Paidós
  • Del Pino, E. & Colino, C. (2006), “¿Cómo y por qué se reforman los estados de Bie- nestar? Avances y retos teóricos y me- todológicos en la agenda de investigación actual”, in Zona Abierta, 114/115, pp. 1-42.
  • Dean, H. (ed.) (2004) The ethics of welfare. Human rights, dependency and res- ponsibility. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Donzelot, J. (1994). L’ invention du social. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
  • Dubet, F. (2006) El declive de la institución. Barcelona: Gedisa.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (2000), Fundamentos sociales de las economías post-indus- triales. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • European Commission (2007). “Integrated Guidelines for Growth and Jobs 2008- 2010” COM(2007)803final. Employment and Social Affairs, Brussels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/em- ployment_social/employment_stra- tegy/guidelines_en.htm
  • European Commission (2007) “Towards Common Principles on Flexicurity: More and Better Jobs through Flexibi- lity and Security” COM(2007)359final. Employment and Social Affairs, Brus- sels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/employment_so- cial/employment_strategy/pdf/flex_c omm_en.pdf
  • Fuentes, J.F. & Fernández, J. (2007) “El len- guaje de la democracia. ¿Crisis concep- tual o crisis de sistema?”, in Revista de Estudios Orteguianos, 14/15, pp. 5-36.
  • García-Borés, J.M. (1996) “La desarticulación de discursos y la “versión şnica” como fenómeno e instrumento de poder”, in Gordo, J. A. & Linaza, J.L. (eds.), Psico- logías, discursos y poder, Madrid: VISOR DIS.
  • Gautié, J. (2004), “Repensar la articulación entre mercado de trabajo y la protección social en el post-fordismo”. Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, vol. 22, num. 1, pp. 147-184.
  • Gazier, B. (2006), “Fexicurity and Social Dia- logue, European Ways” en http://ec.europa.eu/employment_so- cial/employment_strategy/flex_steps_ en.htm
  • ______(2008) “Flexecurité et marches transi- tionnels du travail: esquisse d’une réf- lexion normative”, in Travail et Emploi. Flexecurité et réforme du marché du travail. Nº 113, pp. 117-128
  • Giddens, A. (2000), La tercera vía y sus críti- cos. Madrid: Taurus, D.L. 2000.
  • Hicks, A. & Esping-Andersen, G. (2005), “Comparative and Historical Studies of Public Policy and Welfare State”. In Ja- noski, T., Ashford, R., Hicks, A. & Schwartz, M.A. (eds.) The Handbook of Political Sociology. States, Civil Society and Globalization. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
  • Jepsen, M. & Serrano, A. (2005), “The Euro- pean Social Model: an Exercise in De- construction”, Journal of European Social Policy, vol. 15 (3): 231-245.
  • Koistinen, P., Mósesdóttir, L. & Serrano, A. (eds.), (2008) Shaping European System of Work and Welfare. Brussels: Peter Lang
  • Laroque, P. (1946) “Le plan français de Sé- curité sociale”, Revue française du tra- vail, 1, p. 9-10
  • Lefebre, A. & Méda, D. (2008) “Performan- ces mordiques et flexicurité: quelles re- lations?”, in Travail et Emploi. Flexecurité et réforme du marché du travail. Nº 113, pp. 117-128.
  • Palier, B. (2001) “European Welfare States: From the Failure of Legislative and Ins- titutional Harmonisation of the Systems to the Cognitive and Normative Har- monisation of the Reforms”. Paper pre- sented at the conference Ideas, Discourse and European Integration. Center for European Studies, Harvard University, May 11-12.2001.
  • _____(2002) Gouverner la sécurité sociale. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Parker, I (1996), “Discurso, cultura y poder en la vida cotidiana”, in Gordo, J. A. & Linaza, J.L. (eds.), Psicologías, discursos y poder, Madrid: VISOR DIS.
  • Pierson, P. (2006) “Sobrellevando la austeri- dad permanente. Reestructuración del Estado de Bienestar en las democracias desarrolladas”, in Zona Abierta, 114/115, pp. 1-42.
  • Potter, J. & Wetherell, M. (1987), Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitu- des and Behaviour. London: Sage.
  • Prieto, C. (2003), Teoría Social del Trabajo. In Giner, S. (edit.), Teoría Social Moderna. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • Rosanvallon, P. (1995) La nouvelle question sociale. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
  • Salais, R. (2005), "Incorporating the Capabi- lity Approach into Employment and So- cial Policies”, in Robert Salais & Robert Villeneuve (eds.), Europe and the Poli- tics of Capabilities. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
  • Schmid, G (2001), “Enhancing Gender Equa- lity through Transitional Labour Mar- kets”. Transfer. Vol. 7, no. 2 (Summer 2001), pp. 227-243.
  • Schmidt, V.A. (2002) “Does Discourse Mat- ter in the Politics of Welfare State Ad- justment?”, in Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 35. No. 2, pp. 168-193.
  • Seeleib-Kaiser, van Dyk & Roggenkamp (2008), Party Politics and Social Welfare. Comparing Christian and Social De- mocracy in Austria, Germany and the Netherlands. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Sen, A. (2001) La desigualdad económica. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
  • _____(1997) Bienestar, justicia y mercado. Barcelona [etc.] : Paidós I.C.E. de la Uni- versidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
  • Sennett, R. (2005), La corrosión del carácter. Las consecuencias personales del tra- bajo en el nuevo capitalismo. Barcelona: Anagrama
  • Serrano, A. (2000) “The Concept of Emplo- yability: a Critical Assessment of the Fight against Youth Unemployment”. European Trade Union Year Book. Brussels: ETUI
  • _____(2004), Are Activation Policies conver- ging in Europe?. In Sabaglio, E. & Hoff- man (eds.), R. Brussels: ETUI.
  • _____(2005) “Regulación supranacional de las políticas de empleo y Modelo Social Europeo”. Arxius de Ciènces Socials, no. 12/13: 179-205.
  • _____(2005) “Del desempleo como riesgo al desempleo como trampa: ¿qué distribu- ción de las responsabilidades plantea el paradigma de la activación propuesto por las instituciones europeas?. Cua- dernos de Relaciones Laborales, no. 2, pp. 219-246.
  • _____(2006), “Supranational Expertocracy and the Policies of Production of Iden- tities”. In M. Khun (ed), The European- a New Global Player? New York: Peter Lang.
  • Serrano, A. & Crespo, E. (2002), “El discurso de la Unión Europea sobre la sociedad del conocimiento”, REIS, nº 97, pp. 189- 207.
  • Serrano, A. & Magnusson (eds,) (2007) Res- haping Welfare States and Activation Regimes in Europe. Brussels: Peter Lang.
  • Starke, P. (2008), Radical Welfare State Ret- renchment. A Comparative Analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Verdun, A. (1999), “The Role of Delors Com- mittee in the Creation of EMU: an Epis- temic Community?”. Journal of European Public Policy, 6:2, pp. 308- 328.
  • Walters, W. & Haahr, J. (2005), Governing Europe. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Wetherell, M. & Potter, J. (1996), “El análisis del discurso y la identificación de los re- pertorios interpretativos” in Gordo, J.A. & Linaza, J.L. (eds.), Psicologías, dis- cursos y poder, Madrid: VISOR DIS.
  • “What Flexicurity Means”: http://ec.eu- ropa.eu/employment_social/employ- ment_strategy/flex_meaning_en.htm
  • Wilthagen, T. (2007) Background Document. Stakeholder Conference on Flexicurity, April 20th, Brussels.
  • Windisch, U. (1982) Pensée Sociale, langage en usage et logiques autres, Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme.
  • _____(1990), Speech and Reasoning in Everyday Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yıl 2009, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 5, 95 - 114, 01.12.2009

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ashford, D.E. (1989) La aparición de los Es- tados de bienestar. Madrid: Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.
  • Andersen, N.A. (2003) Discursive analytical strategies. Bristol: Policy Press
  • Beveridge, W. (1942) “Social Insurance and Allied Services”. London: Majesty’s Stat. Office.
  • Billig, M. (1987), Arguing and thinking. A rhetorical approach to social psycho- logy. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press.
  • Boltanski, L. & Chiapello, E. (2002), El nuevo espíritu del capitalismo. Madrid: Akal.
  • Bonnechère, M. (2008) “Travail décent et “modernisation” du droit du travail” en Travail et Emploi. Flexecurité et ré- forme du marché du travail. Nº 113, pp. 91-102
  • Bourdieu, P. (2000), Contrafuegos. Paris: Anagrama
  • Castel, R. (1997) Las metamorfosis de la cu- estión social: una crónica del salariado. Buenos Aires [etc.] : Paidós
  • Del Pino, E. & Colino, C. (2006), “¿Cómo y por qué se reforman los estados de Bie- nestar? Avances y retos teóricos y me- todológicos en la agenda de investigación actual”, in Zona Abierta, 114/115, pp. 1-42.
  • Dean, H. (ed.) (2004) The ethics of welfare. Human rights, dependency and res- ponsibility. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Donzelot, J. (1994). L’ invention du social. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
  • Dubet, F. (2006) El declive de la institución. Barcelona: Gedisa.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (2000), Fundamentos sociales de las economías post-indus- triales. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • European Commission (2007). “Integrated Guidelines for Growth and Jobs 2008- 2010” COM(2007)803final. Employment and Social Affairs, Brussels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/em- ployment_social/employment_stra- tegy/guidelines_en.htm
  • European Commission (2007) “Towards Common Principles on Flexicurity: More and Better Jobs through Flexibi- lity and Security” COM(2007)359final. Employment and Social Affairs, Brus- sels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/employment_so- cial/employment_strategy/pdf/flex_c omm_en.pdf
  • Fuentes, J.F. & Fernández, J. (2007) “El len- guaje de la democracia. ¿Crisis concep- tual o crisis de sistema?”, in Revista de Estudios Orteguianos, 14/15, pp. 5-36.
  • García-Borés, J.M. (1996) “La desarticulación de discursos y la “versión şnica” como fenómeno e instrumento de poder”, in Gordo, J. A. & Linaza, J.L. (eds.), Psico- logías, discursos y poder, Madrid: VISOR DIS.
  • Gautié, J. (2004), “Repensar la articulación entre mercado de trabajo y la protección social en el post-fordismo”. Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, vol. 22, num. 1, pp. 147-184.
  • Gazier, B. (2006), “Fexicurity and Social Dia- logue, European Ways” en http://ec.europa.eu/employment_so- cial/employment_strategy/flex_steps_ en.htm
  • ______(2008) “Flexecurité et marches transi- tionnels du travail: esquisse d’une réf- lexion normative”, in Travail et Emploi. Flexecurité et réforme du marché du travail. Nº 113, pp. 117-128
  • Giddens, A. (2000), La tercera vía y sus críti- cos. Madrid: Taurus, D.L. 2000.
  • Hicks, A. & Esping-Andersen, G. (2005), “Comparative and Historical Studies of Public Policy and Welfare State”. In Ja- noski, T., Ashford, R., Hicks, A. & Schwartz, M.A. (eds.) The Handbook of Political Sociology. States, Civil Society and Globalization. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
  • Jepsen, M. & Serrano, A. (2005), “The Euro- pean Social Model: an Exercise in De- construction”, Journal of European Social Policy, vol. 15 (3): 231-245.
  • Koistinen, P., Mósesdóttir, L. & Serrano, A. (eds.), (2008) Shaping European System of Work and Welfare. Brussels: Peter Lang
  • Laroque, P. (1946) “Le plan français de Sé- curité sociale”, Revue française du tra- vail, 1, p. 9-10
  • Lefebre, A. & Méda, D. (2008) “Performan- ces mordiques et flexicurité: quelles re- lations?”, in Travail et Emploi. Flexecurité et réforme du marché du travail. Nº 113, pp. 117-128.
  • Palier, B. (2001) “European Welfare States: From the Failure of Legislative and Ins- titutional Harmonisation of the Systems to the Cognitive and Normative Har- monisation of the Reforms”. Paper pre- sented at the conference Ideas, Discourse and European Integration. Center for European Studies, Harvard University, May 11-12.2001.
  • _____(2002) Gouverner la sécurité sociale. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Parker, I (1996), “Discurso, cultura y poder en la vida cotidiana”, in Gordo, J. A. & Linaza, J.L. (eds.), Psicologías, discursos y poder, Madrid: VISOR DIS.
  • Pierson, P. (2006) “Sobrellevando la austeri- dad permanente. Reestructuración del Estado de Bienestar en las democracias desarrolladas”, in Zona Abierta, 114/115, pp. 1-42.
  • Potter, J. & Wetherell, M. (1987), Discourse and Social Psychology: Beyond Attitu- des and Behaviour. London: Sage.
  • Prieto, C. (2003), Teoría Social del Trabajo. In Giner, S. (edit.), Teoría Social Moderna. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • Rosanvallon, P. (1995) La nouvelle question sociale. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
  • Salais, R. (2005), "Incorporating the Capabi- lity Approach into Employment and So- cial Policies”, in Robert Salais & Robert Villeneuve (eds.), Europe and the Poli- tics of Capabilities. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press.
  • Schmid, G (2001), “Enhancing Gender Equa- lity through Transitional Labour Mar- kets”. Transfer. Vol. 7, no. 2 (Summer 2001), pp. 227-243.
  • Schmidt, V.A. (2002) “Does Discourse Mat- ter in the Politics of Welfare State Ad- justment?”, in Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 35. No. 2, pp. 168-193.
  • Seeleib-Kaiser, van Dyk & Roggenkamp (2008), Party Politics and Social Welfare. Comparing Christian and Social De- mocracy in Austria, Germany and the Netherlands. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Sen, A. (2001) La desigualdad económica. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
  • _____(1997) Bienestar, justicia y mercado. Barcelona [etc.] : Paidós I.C.E. de la Uni- versidad Autónoma de Barcelona.
  • Sennett, R. (2005), La corrosión del carácter. Las consecuencias personales del tra- bajo en el nuevo capitalismo. Barcelona: Anagrama
  • Serrano, A. (2000) “The Concept of Emplo- yability: a Critical Assessment of the Fight against Youth Unemployment”. European Trade Union Year Book. Brussels: ETUI
  • _____(2004), Are Activation Policies conver- ging in Europe?. In Sabaglio, E. & Hoff- man (eds.), R. Brussels: ETUI.
  • _____(2005) “Regulación supranacional de las políticas de empleo y Modelo Social Europeo”. Arxius de Ciènces Socials, no. 12/13: 179-205.
  • _____(2005) “Del desempleo como riesgo al desempleo como trampa: ¿qué distribu- ción de las responsabilidades plantea el paradigma de la activación propuesto por las instituciones europeas?. Cua- dernos de Relaciones Laborales, no. 2, pp. 219-246.
  • _____(2006), “Supranational Expertocracy and the Policies of Production of Iden- tities”. In M. Khun (ed), The European- a New Global Player? New York: Peter Lang.
  • Serrano, A. & Crespo, E. (2002), “El discurso de la Unión Europea sobre la sociedad del conocimiento”, REIS, nº 97, pp. 189- 207.
  • Serrano, A. & Magnusson (eds,) (2007) Res- haping Welfare States and Activation Regimes in Europe. Brussels: Peter Lang.
  • Starke, P. (2008), Radical Welfare State Ret- renchment. A Comparative Analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Verdun, A. (1999), “The Role of Delors Com- mittee in the Creation of EMU: an Epis- temic Community?”. Journal of European Public Policy, 6:2, pp. 308- 328.
  • Walters, W. & Haahr, J. (2005), Governing Europe. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Wetherell, M. & Potter, J. (1996), “El análisis del discurso y la identificación de los re- pertorios interpretativos” in Gordo, J.A. & Linaza, J.L. (eds.), Psicologías, dis- cursos y poder, Madrid: VISOR DIS.
  • “What Flexicurity Means”: http://ec.eu- ropa.eu/employment_social/employ- ment_strategy/flex_meaning_en.htm
  • Wilthagen, T. (2007) Background Document. Stakeholder Conference on Flexicurity, April 20th, Brussels.
  • Windisch, U. (1982) Pensée Sociale, langage en usage et logiques autres, Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme.
  • _____(1990), Speech and Reasoning in Everyday Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA24EJ94DU
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

María Paz Martín Martın Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Martın, M. P. M. (2009). Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 11(5), 95-114.
AMA Martın MPM. Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach. isguc. Aralık 2009;11(5):95-114.
Chicago Martın, María Paz Martín. “Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11, sy. 5 (Aralık 2009): 95-114.
EndNote Martın MPM (01 Aralık 2009) Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11 5 95–114.
IEEE M. P. M. Martın, “Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach”, isguc, c. 11, sy. 5, ss. 95–114, 2009.
ISNAD Martın, María Paz Martín. “Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources 11/5 (Aralık 2009), 95-114.
JAMA Martın MPM. Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach. isguc. 2009;11:95–114.
MLA Martın, María Paz Martín. “Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach”. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, c. 11, sy. 5, 2009, ss. 95-114.
Vancouver Martın MPM. Questioning The Employment System: The European Flexicurity Approach. isguc. 2009;11(5):95-114.