YEREL METEOROLOJİK VERİ KAYITLARI İLE SEKBANDEMİRLİ KIRSAL BÖLGESİNDE GÜNLÜK VE MEVSİMSEL FOTOVOLTAİK ISI ADASININ İNCELENMESİ VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Fotovoltaik enerji santralleri, çevresel açıdan sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir elektrik üretimine yönelik güneş enerjisi dönüşüm teknolojileri arasında önemli bir paya sahiptir. Ancak, kırsal bir bölgenin doğal toprak türlerinin oluşturduğu arazi yüzeyi, bir fotovoltaik enerji santralinin büyük sayılardaki koyu renkli güneş modülleri ile kaplandığında, bu yüzeyde yapay bir albedo (yansıtma) değişimi beklenir. Albedo değişimi nedeniyle bu modüller ve onları çevreleyen hava arasındaki ısı alışverişine ve ısınma-soğuma döngülerine bağlı olarak oluşan harici ve zamana bağlı hava sıcaklığı salınımları sonucunda, bölgenin doğal hava koşulları “Fotovoltaik Isı Adası Etkisi”ne maruz kalabilir. Olası bir fotovoltaik ısı adası etkisi eğilimini gözlemlemek ve analiz etmek için, Türkiye'nin Kütahya ilinin Sekbandemirli kırsal bölgesi yakınındaki bir fotovoltaik enerji santrali için Ekim 2017'den itibaren bir saha çalışması projesi yürütülmektedir. Her 10 dakikalık ve saatlik aralıklarla hava sıcaklığı ve rüzgar (yön ve hız) dahil olmak üzere hava durumu verileri, santral alanının içindeki ve dışındaki belirli konumlara kurulu üç meteorolojik izleme istasyonu tarafından toplanmaktadır. Santralin saatlik ortalama güç çıkışı ve modül sıcaklık verileri de izlenebilmektedir. İstatistiksel, korelasyonel ve grafiksel analizler yapıldıktan sonra sonuçlar, fotovoltaik enerji santrali sahasının merkezinde günlük ve mevsimsel olarak bazı geçici fotovoltaik ısı adası oluşumlarını göstermektedir. Santral merkezinin hava sıcaklığı, gündüzleri daha sıcak (6°C farka kadar) ve geceleri daha soğuk ((-3)°C farka kadar) olma eğilimindedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Isı adası etkisi
• Hava sıcaklığı
• Fotovoltaik enerji santrali
• Meteorolojik istasyon
• Rüzgar yönü
• Rüzgar hızı

ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF DAILY AND SEASONAL PHOTOVOLTAIC HEAT ISLAND EFFECT ON SEKBANDEMIRLI RURAL REGION BY LOCAL WEATHER DATA RECORDS

Öz

Photovoltaic Power Plants have a considerable share among solar energy conversion technologies toward environmentally sustainable and economically feasible electricity production. However, when a rural region's land surface formed by natural soil types is covered by a Photovoltaic Power Plant (PVPP)'s dark-colored solar modules in large numbers, an artificial albedo (reflectivity) change is expected on that surface. Because of the heat exchange between these modules and the air surrounding them due to albedo alteration, the region's natural weather conditions may experience Photovoltaic Heat Island Effect (PVHIE) as a result of external and time-dependent air temperature oscillations caused by the warming-cooling cycles of solar modules. To observe and analyze a possible PVHIE trend, it has been conducting a field study project since October 2017 for a PVPP near the Sekbandemirli rural region in the Kutahya city of Turkey. The weather data, including air temperature and wind (direction and speed) at every 10-minute and hourly intervals, are collected by the three weather monitoring stations installed at the specific locations inside and outside the PVPP field. The plant's hourly average power output and module temperature data can also be monitored. After conducting statistical, correlational, and graphical analyses, the results show some temporal PVHI formations at the PVPP field center daily and on a seasonal basis. The plant center's air temperature tends to be warmer (up to the 6°C difference) during daytimes and colder (up to the (-3)°C difference) during nighttimes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heat island effect
• Air temperature
• Photovoltaic power plant
• Weather station
• Wind direction
• Wind speed

Kaynakça

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