Geniş menzilli elektrikli araçlar için entegre termal yönetim sistemi üzerindeki çalışması

Öz

I Bu makalede geniş menzilli elektrikli araçlar için entegre bir termal yönetim sistemi tasarımı sunulur. Klima ve pil soğutma devrelerini birleştirerek, sistem bir motor soğutma sistemini entegre eder ve motor ve motordan atık ısı geri kazanmasını kullanır. AMESim platformuna dayanan simülasyon, akıllı hibrit soğutma stratejisinin, yolcu bölümünü ve pilü sırasıyla 160 saniye ve 800 saniye içinde 40 ℃ yüksek bir sıcaklıkta, geleneksel sistemlerden% 43,8 daha yüksek olan 2,3 sistem enerji verimliliği (COP) ile hedef sıcaklığa soğutabileceğini göstermektedir; -10 ℃ düşük bir sıcaklıkta, motor atık ısı geri kazanması 800 saniye içinde yolcu bölmesine ısı sağlayabilir ve motor atık ısı geri kazanması yolcu bölmesine ısı sağlayabilir ve 500 saniye içinde pilin soğuk başlatılmasına yardımcı olabilir. Bu sistem, tüm aracın termal yönetim performansını ve enerji kullanım verimliliğini etkili bir şekilde geliştirir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genişletilmiş menzilli elektrikli araç
• Termal yönetim sistemi
• Modelleme ve simülasyon
• AMEsim

Study on integrated thermal management system for extended range electric vehicles

Öz

This article presents the design of an integrated thermal management system for extended range electric vehicles. By coupling the air conditioning and battery cooling circuits, the system integrates a motor cooling system and utilizes waste heat recovery from the motor and engine. Simulation based on AMESim platform shows that the intelligent hybrid cooling strategy can cool the passenger compartment and battery to the target temperature within 160s and 800s respectively at a high temperature of 40 ℃, with a system energy efficiency (COP) of 2.3, which is 43.8% higher than traditional systems; At a low temperature of -10 ℃, the motor waste heat recovery can provide heat to the passenger compartment within 800 seconds, and the engine waste heat recovery can provide heat to the passenger compartment and assist in cold start of the battery within 500 seconds. This system effectively improves the thermal management performance and energy utilization efficiency of the entire vehicle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Extended range electric vehicle
• Thermal management system
• Modeling and simulation
• AMEsim

Kaynakça

1. Abdelkareem, M. A., Maghrabie, H. M., Abo-Khalil, A. G., Adhari, O. H. K., Sayed, E. T., Radwan, A., ... & Olabi, A. G. (2022). Battery thermal management systems based on nanofluids for electric vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage, 50, 104385. 10.1016/j.est.2022.104385
2. Rajan, J. T., Jayapal, V. S., Krishna, M. J., Firose, K. M., Vaisakh, S., John, A. K., & Suryan, A. (2022). Analysis of battery thermal management system for electric vehicles using 1- tetradecanol phase change material. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 51, 101943. 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101943
3. Khan, S. A., Eze, C., Dong, K., Shahid, A. R., Patil, M. S., Ahmad, S., ... & Zhao, J. (2022). Design of a new optimized U-shaped lightweight liquid-cooled battery thermal management system for electric vehicles: A machine learning approach. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 136, 106209. 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106209
4. Alami, A. H., Maghrabie, H. M., Abdelkareem, M. A., Sayed, E. T., Yasser, Z., Salameh, T., ... & Olabi, A. G. (2022). Potential applications of phase change materials for batteries' thermal management systems in electric vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage, 54, 105204. 10.1016/j.est.2022.105204
5. Bernagozzi, M., Georgoulas, A., Miche, N., & Marengo, M. (2023). Heat pipes in battery thermal management systems for electric vehicles: A critical review. Applied Thermal Engineering, 219, 119495. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119495
6. Alkhulaifi, Y. M., Qasem, N. A., & Zubair, S. M. (2022). Exergoeconomic assessment of the ejector-based battery thermal management system for electric and hybrid- electric vehicles. Energy, 245, 123252. 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123252
7. Abhilash, K., Jadhav, A., Kalamkar, V. R., & Jilte, R. D. (2024). Numerical study on thermal runaway in a cell and battery pack at critical heating conditions with variation in heating powers. Journal of Energy Storage, 90, 111813. 10.1016/j.est.2024.111813
8. Fan, Y., Huang, Z., Li, H., Zhang, R., Jiang, F., Peng, H., & Peng, J. (2024). An optimal self-heating strategy for lithium-ion batteries with pulse-width modulated self-heater. Journal of Energy Storage, 76, 109650. 10.1016/j.est.2023.109650

9. Chen, W., Chen, J., Bets, K. V., Salvatierra, R. V., Wyss, K. M., Gao, G., ... & Tour, J. M. (2023). Battery metal recycling by flash Joule heating. Science Advances, 9(39), eadh5131. 10.1126/sciadv.adh5131
10. Mülberger, A., Körber, N., Friess, B., Setz, D. S., Birke, K. P., Nikolowski, K., & Michaelis, A. (2023). Investigation of active heating systems for polymer-solid-state cells in an automotive battery module. Journal of Power Sources, 567, 232968. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232968
11. Tuğan, V., & Yardımcı, U. (2023). Numerical study for battery thermal management system improvement with air channel in electric vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage, 72, 108515. 10.1016/j.est.2023.108515
12. Hwang, F. S., Confrey, T., Reidy, C., Picovici, D., Callaghan, D., Culliton, D., & Nolan, C. (2024). Review of battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 192, 114171. 10.1016/j.rser.2023.114171
13. Larrañaga-Ezeiza, M., Vertiz, G., Galarza, I., Grande, H. J., Arroiabe, P. F., Berasategi, J., & Martinez-Agirre, M. (2025). Partial direct liquid cooling approach for battery modules based on pouch type cells: A novel solution for electromobility applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 121, 116566. 10.1016/j.est.2025.116566
14. Bode, F., Burnete, N. V., Fechete Tutunaru, L., & Nastase, I. (2023). Improving electric vehicle range and thermal comfort through an innovative seat heating system. Sustainability, 15(6), 5534. 10.3390/su15065534
15. Ko, J., & Jeong, J. H. (2024). Status and challenges of vapor compression air conditioning and heat pump systems for electric vehicles. Applied Energy, 375, 124095. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124095
16. Mohammed, A. G., Elfeky, K. E., & Wang, Q. (2022). Recent advancement and enhanced battery performance using phase change materials based hybrid battery thermal management for electric vehicles. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154, 111759. 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111759
17. Lu, B., Shi, L., Sun, X., Yao, Y., Zhang, Y., Tian, H., & Shu, G. (2023). Unlocking the multi-mode energy-saving potential of a novel integrated thermal management system for range-extended electric vehicle. Energy Conversion and Management, 293, 117486. 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117486
18. He, L., Gu, Z., Zhang, Y., Jing, H., & Li, P. (2024). Study on a novel thermal management system and heat recovery strategy of range extend electric vehicle. Renewable Energy, 237, 121538. 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121538
19. Rezaei, H., Ghomsheh, M. J., Kowsary, F., & Ahmadi, P. (2021). Performance assessment of a range-extended electric vehicle under real driving conditions using novel PCM-based HVAC system. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47, 101527. 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101527
20. Zhang, X., Wang, X., Dang, Z., Yuan, P., Tian, H., & Shu, G. (2025). An integrated hybrid electric vehicle central thermal management system. Cell Reports Physical Science, 6(1).102353. 10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102353
21. Yang, Q., Zeng, T., Zhang, C., Zhou, W., Xu, L., Zhou, J., ... & Jiang, S. (2023). Modeling and simulation of vehicle integrated thermal management system for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle. Energy Conversion and Management, 278, 116745. 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116745
22. Chang, T. B., Liu, Y. F., & Huang, J. W. (2025). Integration of HVAC and Battery Liquid Cooling Systems for Optimized Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles. Results in Engineering,106245. 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106245
23. Qin, Z., Yin, C., Zhang, W., Liu, D., Yao, S., Weng, W., & Han, Z. (2025). Research on cooperative thermal management of air conditioning system and battery liquid cooling system for pure electric vehicle. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 106385. 10.1016/j.csite.2025.106385
24. Engbroks, L., Görke, D., Schmiedler, S., Gödecke, T., Beyfuss, B., & Geringer, B. (2019). Combined energy and thermal management for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles-analyses based on optimal control theory. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(5), 610-617. 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.09.097
25. Li, K., Liu, Q., Hu, Y., Gao, J., & Chen, H. (2021). A coupling thermal management strategy based on fuzzy control for a range extended electric vehicle power system. IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, 71(3), 2573-2586. 10.1109/tvt.2021.3138254
26. He, L., Gu, Z., Zhang, Y., Jing, H., & Li, P. (2023). Control strategy analysis of vehicle thermal management system based on motor heat utilization. Energy Technology, 11(10), 2300495. 10.1002/ente.202300495
27. Kilic, G. A. (2025). CFD-based thermo-hydraulic performance analysis of energy transfer capacity enhancement in intercoolers for hydrogen systems considering operating conditions and flow alignment. Energy Conversion and Management, 343, 120221. 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120221
28. Fu, J., Li, H., Zhang, G., Shen, Y., Liu, J., & Sun, X. (2025). Many-objective optimization for thermal management system of electric vehicle based on many-population many-objective grey wolf optimizer. Energy Conversion and Management, 344, 120299. 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120299