Endüstriyel Atık Isı Geri Kazanımına Yönelik Entegre ORC–Isı Pompası Sistemlerinin Termodinamik Performans Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, endüstriyel atık ısı geri kazanımına yönelik entegre enerji sistemlerinin termodinamik performansını incelemektedir. Üç farklı konfigürasyon oluşturularak, Organik Rankine Çevrimi (ORC), ısı pompası (HP) ve bina ısıl yük modeli eş zamanlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bileşen modellerinin termodinamik olarak birbirine bağlandığı ve sistem düzeyinde çözüldüğü saatlik yarı-kararlı bir simülasyon çerçevesi geliştirilmiştir. Tüm sistem, termodinamik modelleme ve özellik hesaplamaları dahil olmak üzere MATLAB ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Derece-gün iklim karakteristiği ile uyumlu olacak şekilde, toplam 8,820 MWh ısıl talebe sahip ve bunun %62’sinin soğutma talebine karşılık geldiği sentetik bir yıllık bina ısıl enerji modeli kullanılmıştır. Temel konfigürasyonda ORC ve hava kaynaklı HP bağımsız çalışmakta ve önemli miktarda ısı çevreye atılmaktadır. İkinci konfigürasyonda kademeli bir yaklaşım benimsenerek atık ısının bir kısmı doğrudan bina ısıtmasında kullanılmaktadır. Üçüncü konfigürasyon ise ORC ile su kaynaklı HP’nin ortak bir su devresi üzerinden çalıştığı tam entegre sistemi temsil etmektedir. Sonuçlar, entegrasyonun sistem performansını belirgin şekilde iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir. Kademeli konfigürasyon, ORC üretimindeki azalmaya rağmen HP elektrik tüketimini yaklaşık %42 azaltarak net pozitif elektrik dengesi sağlamaktadır. Tam entegre konfigürasyon ise termodinamik uyumu artırmakta, ve HP çalışma koşullarını iyileştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Waste heat recovery
• Organic Rankine Cycle
• Heat pump integration Building energy systems
• System performance analysis

Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of Integrated ORC–Heat Pump Systems for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery

Öz

This study presents a thermodynamic performance analysis of integrated energy systems for industrial waste heat recovery, combining an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a heat pump (HP), and a building thermal load model under three configurations. An hourly quasi-steady simulation framework was developed, where component models were thermodynamically coupled and solved at the system level. The entire system, including all thermodynamic modeling and property evaluations, was implemented in MATLAB. A synthetic annual building thermal energy model was employed, with a total thermal demand of 8,820 MWh, of which 62% corresponds to cooling demand, consistent with the degree-day climatic characteristics of the selected location. In the baseline configuration, the ORC and air-source HP operate independently, resulting in substantial heat rejection. The second configuration introduces a cascaded approach, directly utilizing part of the waste heat for building heating. The third configuration represents a fully integrated system with a shared water loop between the ORC and a water-to-water HP. Results show that integration significantly improves performance. The cascaded configuration reduces HP electricity consumption by approximately 42%, achieving a net positive electricity balance despite lower ORC output. The fully integrated configuration enhances thermodynamic synergy, and improves HP operating conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Waste heat recovery
• Organic Rankine Cycle
• Heat pump integration Building energy systems
• System performance analysis

Kaynakça

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