UZUN BİR KARAYOLU TÜNELİNDE ACİL DURUM SİMÜLASYONU

Öz

Karayolu taşımacılığında coğrafi olarak aşılması güç olan bölgelerde tüneller hem kat edilecek yolu kısaltmakta hem de yakıt tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Bir taşıtın tünel içerisinde yanması oluşabilecek en kötü senaryodur. Dünyada insanların hayatlarını kaybetmesi ile sonuçlanan büyük tünel yangınları olmuştur. Ülkemizde de Ovit, Kop ve Zigana tüneli gibi uzun karayolu tünelleri inşa edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, uzun bir karayolu tüneli (14500 m) içerisindeki taşıt yangını (30 MW) için acil durum modellemesi yapılmıştır. Acil durum için kritik nokta belirlenerek, 1000 m uzunluğunda bölge 1/100 ölçeğinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Ansys Fluent kullanılmıştır. Türbülanslı akış şartları dikkate alınmıştır. Yangının olduğu bölgedeki sıcaklık dağılımı, karbonmonoksit (CO) emisyon dağılımı ve hız dağılımları incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar grafikler halinde verilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Sıcaklık değerleri incelendiğinde yangın bölgesinde ortalama sıcaklık değerlerinin ilk 30 m’de ortalama 400 K’in üzerinde belirlenmiştir CO emisyon değerlerinin ise atış şaftına kadar 400 ppm seviyelerinin altına düşmediği, özellikle ilk 50 m’de ortalama 1000 ppm’in üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karayolu tüneli
• acil durum
• havalandırma

EMERGENCY SIMULATION IN A LONG HIGHWAY TUNNEL

Öz

In regions that are difficult to overcome geographically in road transport, tunnels both shorten the road to be covered and save fuel. It is the worst scenario that a vehicle can burn in a tunnel. There have been major tunnel fires in the world that have resulted in people's lives. In our country, long highway tunnels such as the Ovit, Kop and Zigana tunnels are being built. In this study, emergency modeling was carried out for vehicle fire (30 MW) in a long road tunnel (14.5 km). The critical point for the emergency was determined and the 1000 m long region was examined on a scale of 1/100. Ansys Fluent was used in the study. Turbulent flow conditions are taken into account. Temperature distribution, carbon monoxide (CO) emission distribution and velocity distributions in the region where the fire is located were examined. Results are given in graphs and interpreted. When the temperature values are examined, the average temperature values in the fire zone were obtained above 400 K in the first 30 m. It was obtained that the CO values did not fall below 400 ppm until the firing shaft, especially in the first 50 m, above 1000 ppm on average.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Road tunnel
• emergency condition
• ventilation

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