The Effects of Nanofluids on The Energy Efficiency: Experimental Performance Investigation of Cooling Nanofluids in A Mini-Channel Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2, 259 - 279, 01.11.2024

Murat Ünverdi , Hasan Küçük , Mehmet Senan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1563032

Öz

Energy efficiency in thermal systems used in industrial engineering applications is an important topic that affects operating costs. The thermophysical properties of working fluids and geometric, thermal, and hydrodynamic design variables affect the energy efficiency of thermal systems. Nanofluids are recommended instead of conventional working fluids in order to enhance convective heat transfer in thermal systems. However, researchers have not adequately discussed the effects of nanofluids on overall energy efficiency compared to conventional working fluids. This study experimentally investigated the effects of Al2O3-water nanofluids cooling on the tube side on energy efficiency in a lab-made shell and tube heat exchanger manufactured with mini-channel tubes. We evaluated the effects of nanofluids in three volumetric concentrations (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8%) on energy efficiency compared to conventional working fluid water based on two metrics (Performance Evaluation Criterion-PEC and Efficiency Evaluation Criterion-EEC). In addition, we calculated PECs and EECs to compare the effects of conventional working fluids and nanofluids on energy efficiency with experimental data in the literature, in which nanofluids were used in plate heat exchangers and shell and tube heat exchangers. We compared the energy efficiency results based on the experimental data from the literature with our experimental energy efficiency results. The average PECs of Al2O3-water nanofluids with 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% volumetric concentrations in our study were -38%, -27.1% and -38.1% lower than conventional working fluid water, respectively, while the average EECs of these nanofluids were 0.62, 0.73 and 0.61, respectively. The PEC and EEC results showed that conventional working fluids were superior to nanofluids in terms of energy efficiency. It has been concluded that nanofluids are not suitable for thermal systems of industrial plants in terms of energy costs. However, they can be used in extraordinary thermal systems where low energy efficiency and other disadvantages are negligible and high heat flux is required, by taking into account all precautions and solutions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy efficiency, Nanofluids, Shell and tube heat exchanger, Heat transfer, Pressure drop

NANOAKIŞKANLARIN ENERJİ VERİMLİLİĞİNE ETKİLERİ: MİNİ KANALLI GÖVDE BORULU ISI DEĞİŞTİRİCİDE SOĞUYAN NANOAKIŞKANLARIN DENEYSEL PERFORMANS İNCELEMESİ

Öz

Endüstriyel mühendislik uygulamalarında kullanılan ısıl sistemlerde enerji verimliliği, işletme maliyetlerini etkileyen önemli konu başlıklarındandır. Isıl sistemlerin enerji verimliliğini; seçilen aracı akışkanların termo-fiziksel özelikleri ile sistemin geometrik, ısıl ve hidrodinamik tasarım değişkenleri etkilemektedir. Nanoakışkanlar, ısıl sistemlerde taşınımla ısı geçişinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla konvansiyonel saf taşıyıcı sıvıların (KSTS) yerine önerilmektedir. Ancak, nanoakışkanların genel enerji verimliliğine etkileri, KSTSlarla karşılaştırmalı olarak yeterince tartışılmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, mini kanallı borularla üretilen prototip gövde borulu bir ısı değiştiricide, boru tarafında soğuyan Al2O3-su nanoakışkanlarının enerji verimliliğine etkileri deneysel incelenmiştir. Üç farklı hacimsel oranda (%0.2, %0.4 ve %0.8) hazırlanan nanoakışkanların, KSTS suya göre enerji verimliliğine etkileri iki farklı ölçütle (Performans Değerlendirme Ölçütü-PDÖ ve Verimlilik Değerlendirme Ölçütü-VDÖ) değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca sunulan çalışmaya benzer şekilde; literatürde yayımlanan, levhalı ısı değiştiricilerde (LID) ve gövde borulu ısı değiştiricilerde (GBID) nanoakışkanların kullanıldığı deneysel çalışmaların verileriyle, PDÖ ve VDÖ hesaplanarak, KSTSların ve nanoakışkanların enerji verimliliğine etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Literatürdeki deneysel verilerle hesaplanan enerji verimliliği sonuçları, sunulan çalışmanın deneysel enerji verimliliği sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır. Sunulan çalışmadaki %0.2, %0.4 ve %0.8 hacimsel oranlı Al2O3-su nanoakışkanlarının PDÖlerinin ortalaması KSTS suya göre sırasıyla -%38, -%27.1 ve -%38.1 daha düşük iken, VDÖlerinin ortalaması da sırasıyla 0.62, 0.73 ve 0.61’dir. PDÖ ve VDÖ sonuçları, KSTSların enerji verimliliği bakımından, nanoakışkanlara göre daha üstün olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak; nanoakışkanların enerji maliyetleri bakımından, endüstriyel tesislerin ısıl sistemlerinde KSTSların yerine kullanılmasının uygun olmadığı elde edilmiştir. Ancak nanoakışanlar, düşük enerji verimliliği ve diğer dezavantajlarının önemsiz olduğu, yüksek ısı akısı (taşınım katsayısı) istenen, özel amaçlı ısıl sistemlerde, gerekli tüm önlemler alınarak ve çözümler uygulanarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji verimliliği, Nanoakışkanlar, Gövde borulu ısı değiştirici, Isı geçişi, Basınç düşümü

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