Ticaret Akışlarının Angola'daki Gelir Dağılımı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Uluslararası ticarete açılmak ekonomilerin gelişmesinde ve büyümesinde son yıllarda çok önemli bir faktör olmuştur. Öte yandan ekonomik olarak dışa açılmanın ekonomilere avantaj ve dezavantajlar getirdiği bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla gelir eşitsizliği bazı ülkelerde artan dezavantajlar ile ilişkilendirilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ticaret akışlarının Angola'nın ekonomik olarak dışa açıklığı bağlamında gelir eşitsizliği üzerinde bir etkisinin olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmaktır. 2000-2017 dönemi için değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek için Ordinary Least Squares yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uluslararası ticaretin gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkisini tanımlamak için Gini katsayısı Angola'nın ihracat ve ithalat değerleri ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Gini değerleri World Inequality Database’den alınmış ve 0 mükemmel eşitliği temsil ederken 1 mükemmel eşitsizliği ifade etmektedir. Gini ve dış ticaret değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiyi sağlamlaştırmak için ihracat ve ithalatın yanı sıra işsizlik ve kısa vadeli borç stoğu gibi makroekonomik değişkenler kullanılmıştır. Model sonuçlarına göre, ihracatın Gini katsayısı değeri üzerinde azaltıcı bir etkisi olurken; ithalat, işsizlik ve borç Gini üzerinde artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Angola Ekonomisi
• Uluslararası Ticaret
• Gelir Eşitsizliği
• Gini Katsayısı

Impact of Trade Flows on Income Distribution in Angola

Öz

Opening to international trade has been a crucial factor in the development and growth of economies for the last decades. On the other hand, it is known that opening brings advantages and disadvantages for economies. Income inequality can thus be related to these disadvantages which have been increasing in certain countries. The aim of this study is to find out whether trade flows have an impact on income inequality related to trade opening in Angola. Ordinary Least Squares method is used to analyze the relationship between variables over the period 2000-2017. In order to define the effect of international trade on the income inequality Gini coefficient is analyzed along with export and import values of Angola. Gini values are gathered from World Inequality Database with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 meaning perfect inequality. Other macroeconomic variables are used such as unemployment and short term debt stock along with export and import to assure the relationship between Gini and foreign trade variables. According to the model results, exportation has a negative effect on Gini coefficient, while importation, unemployment and debt have a positive impact on Gini.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Angola Economy
• International Trade
• Income Inequality
• Gini Coefficient

Kaynakça

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