Güney Afrika’da Irkçılığın Tarihsel Kökenleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 79 - 120, 15.01.2019

Halim Gençoğlu

Öz

Bu çalışma Güney Afrika’da etnik ayrımcılığın kökenlerini ve geçmişten günümüze

kadar olan tarihsel dönüşümünün bir analizini ortaya koymak maksadıyla kaleme

alınmıştır. Bilindiği üzere 1652 yılında Güney Afrika’nın Hollandalılar tarafından

işgaliyle Afrika’nın, özellikle Ümit Burnunun yerli halkları Hollanda Doğu Ticareti

Şirketi tarafından sümürgeleştirilmiştir. Mezkur coğrafyanın halkları 1795 senesi

İngiliz işgaline kadar türlü şekillerde muazzam bir ırkçılık ve ayrımcılıkla yüzleşmiştir.

Yüzyıllarca ne Hollanda sömürgecileri ne de işgalci İngilizler, Güney Afrika halklarının

kendi dil, kültür ve inançsal öğelerinin yaşamasına da izin vermişlerdir. Daha fazlası

1948 yılından 1994 senesine kadar Güney Afrika’da devletin ırksal ayrımcılığı

yürürlüğe koyması ile halkların beyaz, siyah, melez ve Asyalı olarak sınıfl andırılmaları

ile toplumda Avrupalı beyaz halka karşı nefret farklı boyutlarda bir düşmanlığa

dönüşmüştür. En nihayetinde Nelson Mandela’nın 1994 senesinde demokratik

seçimlerden sonra Afrika Milli Kongresinin başına geçip idareyi ele almasıyla Güney

Afrikada bu sancılı dönem sona ermiştir. Bu çalışmada Güney Afrikadaki tüm bu

ırkçılık hareketlerinin tarihi süreç içerisinde gelişimi ve ayrımcılığın çeşitli şekillerde

toplum içerisindeki tesirleri ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güney Afrika, Irkçılık, Ayrımcılık, Sömürgecilik, İngilizler, Afrikanslar, Hollanda sömürgeciliği, İngiliz sömürgeciliği, Apartheid Rejimi, Nelson Mandela

Historical Roots of The Racial Discirimination in South Africa

Öz

This paper attempts to analyse the genesis of racial discrimination and its historical

transformation process in South Africa from past to present. As it is known, after the

Dutch occupation in South Africa in 1652, African native people particularly at the

Cape of Good Hope, were colonised by the Dutch East Indian Company. Until the

British occupation of the territory in 1795, natives faced the tremendous racism and

discrimination in various ways. Neither Dutch rulers nor British colonialists allowed

South African natives to keep their culture, language and religious faiths for centuries.

Furthermore, from 1948 to 1994, the Apartheid regime officially segregated South

African people from each other as white-black-coloured-asian, which in turn caused

antagonism against people of European origin or descent, white South Africans.

Eventually, the Apartheid regime ended in 1994 and South African political leader

Nelson Mandela’s party (ANC) managed to take over the ruling of South Africa. In

this paper, the origins of racial discrimination in South Africa will be examined in a

historical context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Racism, Racial Discirimination, Afrikaners, English, South Africa, Dutch colonialism, Biritish Colonialism, Apartheid Regime, Nelson Mandela

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