Araştırma Makalesi
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Fair Endowment Calculation for Nursing Homes Using Actuarial Techniques: A Turkey Experience

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 74 - 85, 25.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.880356

Öz

Background: Nursing homes continue to play an important role in elderly services, including offering physical, psychological, and social support. For this reason, it is crucial to ensure their sustainable financial management. Aims: This study aims to build a model that incorporates factors such as age, gender, and real rate of return, all of which affect the minimum amount of the one-time endowment. Methods: In this study, the minimum endowment is calculated using actuarial techniques by considering the age and gender of the nursing home resident along with the real rate of return for endowments. Our model incorporates a probability of spending calculated using mortality rates from Turkey Life Tables (TRH-2010) and a 2% real rate of return. Results: The expected value of ₺1 spent each year as long as the individual lives varies with age and gender. For a 60-year-old female, this expected value is over 0.99 (i.e., 99% probability of spending ₺1 during the year), whereas it falls below 0.50 for an 81-year-old, and 0.10 for a 90-year-old. For a 60-year-old male, the expected value is about 0.99, which falls below 0.50 for a 78-year-old, and 0.10 for an 89-year-old. Thus, the customary endowment is insufficient for female elderly persons below the age of 71 and male elderly persons below the age of 68. Conclusion: Many factors can affect the fair amount of a one-time endowment. Failure to take these factors into account may seriously jeopardize the fairness and sustainability of elderly services.

Kaynakça

  • Ardahan, M. (2010). Old age and nursing home. Family and Society, 5(20), 25-32.
  • Çadır, M. (2017). The transformation of social services for the elderly in England: an overview of the nursing home sector. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 17(39), 9-32.
  • Glass, A.P. (1991). Nursing home quality: a framework for analysis. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 10(1),5-18.
  • Gokbunar, A.R., Ugur, A., & Duramaz, S. (2016). The importance of public policies of the decreasing in health spending for elderly population. The International Journal of Economic and Social Research, 12(1),109-122.
  • Hacettepe University Actuarial Sciences Department Documents (2010), Turkey Mortality Project: Turkey Life Tables. http://www.aktuerya.hacettepe.edu.tr/TurkiyeHayatTablolari.php 10.01.2018.
  • Kemper, P., & Murtaugh, C.M. (1991). Lifetime use of nursing home care. J of Medicine. 324, 595-600.
  • Lau, D., Kasper, J., Potter, D., Lyles, A., & Bennett, R. (2005). Hospitalization and death associated with potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions among elderly nursing home residents. Arch Internal Medicine, 165, 68-75.
  • Lew, E., & Garfinkel, L. (1987). Differences in mortality and longevity by sex, smoking habits and health status. Transactions of Society of Actuaries, 39, 107-30.
  • McKay, N.L. (1991). The effect of chain ownership on nursing home costs. Health Services Research, 26(1), 109-24.
  • MIT Department of Biology (2005), Life Tables. http://studylib.net/doc/13541403/life-tables 27. 01. 2018 .
  • Official Newspaper of Turkey (2001), Nursing Home And Nursing Home Regulation on The Care and Rehabilitation Centers for the Elderly. General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication.http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.4414&MevzuatIliski=0&sourceXmlSearch 20. 01. 2018.
  • Princee, F. P. G. (2016): Exploring studbooks for wildlife management and conservation. Springer International Publishing.
  • Rasoanaivo, G. R. (2001): Stochastic modeling of long term care insurance. University of Connecticut Press.
  • Strauss, D., & Shavelle, R. (2018). The life table, life expectancy. http://www.lifeexpectancy.org/lifetable.shtml (27. 01. 2018).
  • Wagner, C., Wal, G., Groenewegen, P.P., & Bakker, D.H. (2001). The efectiveness of quality systems in nursing homes: a review. Quality in Health Care, 10,211-217.
  • Welch, H.G., Walsh, J.S., & Larson, E.B. (1992). The Cost of institutional care in alzheimer's disease: nursing home and hospital use in a prospective cohort. J of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(3), 221-24.
  • World Health Organization (2016), Life expectancy and Healthy Life Expecancy Data by WHO Region. Global Health Observatory Data Repository. WHO http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.SDG2016LEXREGv?lang=en 22. 01. 2018

Aktüeryal Teknikleri Kullanılarak Huzurevleri İçin Adil Bağış Hesaplaması: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 74 - 85, 25.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.880356

Öz

Arka plan: Huzurevleri, fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal destek de dâhil olmak üzere yaşlı hizmetlerinde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu nedenle, huzurevlerinin sürdürülebilir finansal yönetimlerini sağlamak çok önemlidir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, huzurevlerinde tek seferlik bağış miktarının adil ve doğru belirlenmesinde yaş, cinsiyet ve gerçek getiri oranı gibi faktörleri içeren bir model oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada asgari bağış, huzurevinde ikamet eden kişinin yaşı ve cinsiyeti ile bağışların reel getiri oranı dikkate alınarak aktüeryal teknikler kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Modelimiz, Türkiye Yaşam Tablolarından (TRH-2010) alınan ölüm oranları kullanılarak hesaplanan bir harcama olasılığını ve% 2'lik bir reel getiri oranını içermektedir. Bulgular: Bireysel yaşamlar yaşa ve cinsiyete göre değiştiği sürece her yıl harcanan 1 TL'nin beklenen değeri. 60 yaşında bir kadın için bu beklenen değer 0,99'un üzerindedir (yani yıl içinde 1 TL harcama olasılığı% 99), 81 yaşında ise 0,50'nin ve 90 yaşında 0,10'un altına düşmektedir. 60 yaşında bir erkek için beklenen değer yaklaşık 0,99'dur ve 78 yaşında birisi için 0,50'nin ve 89 yaşında birisi için 0,10'un altına düşmektedir. Bu nedenle, 71 yaşın altındaki kadın yaşlılar ve 68 yaşın altındaki erkek yaşlılar için geleneksel bağış yetersizdir. Sonuç: Bir kerelik bağışın adil miktarını birçok faktör etkileyebilir. Bu faktörlerin hesaba katılmaması, yaşlı hizmetlerinin adaletini ve sürdürülebilirliğini tehlikeye atabilir

Kaynakça

  • Ardahan, M. (2010). Old age and nursing home. Family and Society, 5(20), 25-32.
  • Çadır, M. (2017). The transformation of social services for the elderly in England: an overview of the nursing home sector. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 17(39), 9-32.
  • Glass, A.P. (1991). Nursing home quality: a framework for analysis. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 10(1),5-18.
  • Gokbunar, A.R., Ugur, A., & Duramaz, S. (2016). The importance of public policies of the decreasing in health spending for elderly population. The International Journal of Economic and Social Research, 12(1),109-122.
  • Hacettepe University Actuarial Sciences Department Documents (2010), Turkey Mortality Project: Turkey Life Tables. http://www.aktuerya.hacettepe.edu.tr/TurkiyeHayatTablolari.php 10.01.2018.
  • Kemper, P., & Murtaugh, C.M. (1991). Lifetime use of nursing home care. J of Medicine. 324, 595-600.
  • Lau, D., Kasper, J., Potter, D., Lyles, A., & Bennett, R. (2005). Hospitalization and death associated with potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions among elderly nursing home residents. Arch Internal Medicine, 165, 68-75.
  • Lew, E., & Garfinkel, L. (1987). Differences in mortality and longevity by sex, smoking habits and health status. Transactions of Society of Actuaries, 39, 107-30.
  • McKay, N.L. (1991). The effect of chain ownership on nursing home costs. Health Services Research, 26(1), 109-24.
  • MIT Department of Biology (2005), Life Tables. http://studylib.net/doc/13541403/life-tables 27. 01. 2018 .
  • Official Newspaper of Turkey (2001), Nursing Home And Nursing Home Regulation on The Care and Rehabilitation Centers for the Elderly. General Directorate of Legislation Development and Publication.http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=7.5.4414&MevzuatIliski=0&sourceXmlSearch 20. 01. 2018.
  • Princee, F. P. G. (2016): Exploring studbooks for wildlife management and conservation. Springer International Publishing.
  • Rasoanaivo, G. R. (2001): Stochastic modeling of long term care insurance. University of Connecticut Press.
  • Strauss, D., & Shavelle, R. (2018). The life table, life expectancy. http://www.lifeexpectancy.org/lifetable.shtml (27. 01. 2018).
  • Wagner, C., Wal, G., Groenewegen, P.P., & Bakker, D.H. (2001). The efectiveness of quality systems in nursing homes: a review. Quality in Health Care, 10,211-217.
  • Welch, H.G., Walsh, J.S., & Larson, E.B. (1992). The Cost of institutional care in alzheimer's disease: nursing home and hospital use in a prospective cohort. J of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(3), 221-24.
  • World Health Organization (2016), Life expectancy and Healthy Life Expecancy Data by WHO Region. Global Health Observatory Data Repository. WHO http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.SDG2016LEXREGv?lang=en 22. 01. 2018
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İlhan Kerem Şenel 0000-0003-4496-5149

Canser Boz 0000-0002-6136-4479

Ahmet Akgül 0000-0002-8399-7090

Musa Çırak Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0175-9655

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şenel, İ. K., Boz, C., Akgül, A., Çırak, M. (2021). Fair Endowment Calculation for Nursing Homes Using Actuarial Techniques: A Turkey Experience. The Journal of International Scientific Researches, 6(2), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.880356