Doğa Temelli Çözümler: Yenilik Mi Yoksa Retorik Mi?

Öz

Doğa Temelli Çözümler (NBS), iklim değişikliği, biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı ve kentsel sürdürülebilirlik gibi sorunlara yönelik umut verici bir yaklaşım olarak çevre araştırmaları ve politikalarında önemli bir ilgi görmüştür. Ancak, NBS üzerine akademik yayınlardaki hızlı artışa rağmen, teori ile uygulama arasında kritik bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Web of Science yayınlarının sistematik bir analizini kullanarak NBS araştırmalarının evrimini eleştirel bir şekilde incelemektedir. Araştırma, literatürün büyük ölçüde politika çerçeveleri ve kavramsal tartışmalarla domine edildiğini, sınırlı sayıda ampirik doğrulama ve geniş ölçekli uygulama çalışmalarının bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özetlerin tematik analizi, NBS araştırmalarının öncelikle iklim değişikliği uyumu, kentsel altyapı, su ve taşkın yönetimi, ekosistem koruma, politika yönetişimi ve sosyal eşitlik gibi konulara odaklandığını göstermektedir. Ancak, birçok çalışma NBS'nin etkinliğine dair ölçülebilir değerlendirmelerden yoksundur, bu da kavramın gerçek bir yenilik mi yoksa mevcut sürdürülebilirlik anlatılarının retorik bir tekrarı mı olduğu konusunda endişeler yaratmaktadır. Ayrıca, NBS'nin özellikle kurumsal yeşil aklama (greenwashing) ve düzensiz finansal mekanizmalar yoluyla giderek ticarileşmesi, ekolojik ve sosyal etkisini zayıflatma riski taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, NBS'nin teorik bir yapıdan etkili bir çevre çözümüne dönüşebilmesi için ampirik araştırmalara, standartlaştırılmış değerlendirme kriterlerine, geniş ölçekli uygulama stratejilerine ve disiplinler arası iş birliğine daha fazla vurgu yapılması gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Bu önlemler olmadan, NBS, çevresel dirençlilik ve sosyal eşitlik için dönüştürücü bir yaklaşım olmaktan ziyade, sembolik bir sürdürülebilirlik trendi haline gelme riski taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğa temelli çözümler
• iklim değişikliğine uyum
• kentsel sürdürülebilirlik
• çevresel yönetişim
• yeşil aklama
• politika ve uygulama
• sürdürülebilirlik retoriği

Nature-Based Solutions: Innovation or Rhetoric?

Öz

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have gained significant traction in environmental research and policy as a promising approach to address climate change, biodiversity loss, and urban sustainability. However, despite the rapid increase in academic publications on NBS, there remains a critical gap between theory and practice. This study critically examines the evolution of NBS research using a systematic analysis of Web of Science publications. This research reveal that much of the literature is dominated by policy frameworks and conceptual discussions, with limited empirical validation and large-scale implementation studies. The thematic analysis of abstracts indicates that NBS research primarily focuses on climate change adaptation, urban infrastructure, water and flood management, ecosystem conservation, policy governance, and social equity. However, many studies lack quantifiable assessments of NBS effectiveness, raising concerns about whether the concept is a genuine innovation or merely rhetorical reinforcement of existing sustainability narratives. Furthermore, the increasing commercialization of NBS, particularly through corporate greenwashing and unregulated financial mechanisms, threatens to dilute its ecological and social impact. This study argues that for NBS to transition from a theoretical construct to an impactful environmental solution, it requires a stronger emphasis on empirical research, standardized evaluation criteria, large-scale implementation strategies, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Without these measures, NBS risks becoming another symbolic sustainability trend rather than a transformative approach to environmental resilience and social equity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nature-Based Solutions
• Climate Change Adaptation
• Urban Sustainability
• Environmental Governance
• Greenwashing
• Policy and Implementation
• Sustainability Rhetoric.

Kaynakça

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