Araştırma Makalesi
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İçerik Sağlayıcı ve İnternet Servis Sağlayıcı Pazarında Ağ TarafsızlığıTurgut ERKUL1 , Sencer ECER2

Yıl 2022, , 689 - 724, 18.01.2023

Turgut Erkul , Sencer Ecer

https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428

Öz

İnternet servis sağlayıcı ve içerik sağlayıcı arasındaki eksik tamamlayıcılık ilişkisini modelleyerek ağ tarafsızlığının uygulanması ve uygulanmaması gereken ekonomik şartları belirledik. Oyun teorisi yöntemleri ile bulduğumuz dengede, sosyal faydayı maksimize eden erişim ücretinin, model parametreleri olan fiyat etkileri ve çapraz fiyat etkilerine bağlı olduğunu ortaya çıkardık. Sadece servis sağlayıcının kendi fiyat etkisinin içerik sağlayıcınınkinden büyük ve çapraz fiyat etkisinin görece yüksek olduğu durumlarda, ağ tarafsızlığının gevşetilip, erişim ücretine izin verilmesi gerektiği sonucunu bulduk. Eğer içerik sağlayıcının kendi fiyat etkisi servis sağlayıcınınkinden büyükse ve çapraz fiyat etkisi görece yüksekse, bu durumda şirket birleşmelerinin gerçekleşeceğini ve sosyal faydaya zarar vermeyeceğini model çözümünden öngördük. Bulduğumuz sonuçlara dayanarak telekomünikasyon regülasyon kurumları ülkelerindeki internet servis sağlayıcı ve içerik sağlayıcıya ait kendi fiyat etkisi ve çapraz fiyat etkisi bilgilerini kullanarak ağ tarafsızlığı konularında alacakları kararlarını değerlendirebilirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağ tarafsızlığı sonlandırma ücreti su yatağı etkisi

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • Bourreau, M., & Lestage, R. (2019). Net neutrality and asymmetric platform competition. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 55(2), 140-171. google scholar
  • Calzada, J., & Tselekounis, M. (2018). Net Neutrality in a hyperlinked Internet economy. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 59, 190-221. google scholar
  • Clark, D. D. (2007). [Special Section on Net Neutrality] Network Neutrality: Words of Power and 800-Pound Gorillas. International Journal of Communication, 1(1), 8. google scholar
  • Comcast Cable Communications, LLC. (2022). Annual report 2021. Retrieved from https://www. cmcsa.com/static-files/8887f574-dfa9-4480-8c8b-ed7771f7ce44 google scholar
  • CompaniesMarketCap.com. (2022). Market capitalization of Netflix (NFLX). Market cap history of Netflix from 2002 to 2022. Retrieved from https://companiesmarketcap.com/netflix/marketcap/ google scholar
  • Denning, Stephanie. (2019). Why debt isn’t killing Netflix any time soon. Retrieved from https:// www.forbes.com/sites/stephaniedenning/201 9/05/26/why-debt-isnt-killing-netflix/?sh=3d07c08b5407 google scholar
  • Economides, N. (2015). Economic features of the internet and network neutrality. In Y. Bramoulle, A. Galeotti, & B. W. Rogers (Eds), The Oxford handbook of the economics of networks (pp. 810-822), Oxford Handbooks. google scholar
  • Economides, N., & Hermalin, B. E. (2012). The economics of network neutrality. The RAND Journal of Economics, 43(4), 602-629. google scholar
  • Gans, J. S. (2015). Weak versus strong net neutrality. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 47(2), 183-200. google scholar
  • Greenstein, S., Peitz, M., & Valletti, T. (2016). Net neutrality: A fast lane to understanding the trade-offs. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(2), 127-50. google scholar
  • Kastrenakes, Jacob. (2022). Netflix raises prices on all plans in US. Retrieved from https://www. theverge.com/2022/1/14/22884263/netflix-price-increases-2021-us-canada-all-plans-hd-4k google scholar
  • Katsoulacos, Y., Metsiou, E., & Ulph, D. (2016). Optimal substantive standards for competition authorities. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 16(3), 273-295. google scholar
  • Kirkwood, J. B., & Lande, R. H. (2008). The fundamental goal of antitrust: Protecting consumers, not increasing efficiency. Notre Dame Law Review, 84, 191. google scholar
  • Leiner, B. M., Cerf, V. G., Clark, D. D., Kahn, R. E., Kleinrock, L., Lynch, D. C., ... & Wolff, S. (2009). A brief history of the Internet. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 39(5), 22-31. google scholar
  • Li, S., Xu, J., Van Der Schaar, M., & Li, w. (2016). Popularity-driven content caching. In IEEE INFOCOM 2016-The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (pp. 1-9). google scholar
  • Kramer, J., Wiewiorra, L., & Weinhardt, C. (2013). Net neutrality: A progress report. Telecommunications Policy, 37(9), 794-813. google scholar
  • Mas-Colell, A., Whinston, M. D., & Green, J. R. (1995). Microeconomic theory (Vol. 1). New York: Oxford university press. google scholar
  • Macrotrends, LLC. (2022). Netflix net profit margin 2010-2021 | NFLX. Retrieved from https://www. macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NFLX/netflix/net-profit-margin google scholar
  • Mitra, D., & Sridhar, A. (2018). The case for formation of ISP-Content providers consortiums by Nash bargaining for internet content delivery. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.10660. google scholar
  • Netflix, Inc. (2022). Annual report 2021. Retrieved from https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/ doc_financials/2021/q4/da27d24b-9358-4b5c-a424-6da061d91836.pdf google scholar
  • Njoroge, P., Ozdaglar, A., Stier-Moses, N. E., & Weintraub, G. Y. (2014). Investment in two-sided markets and the net neutrality debate. Review of Network Economics, 12(4), 355-402. google scholar
  • Norton, W. B. (2001). Internet service providers and peering. In Proceedings of NANOG (Vol. 19, pp. 1-17). google scholar
  • Russell, K. (2014). Netflix CEO blasts Comcast over net neutrality. Retrieved from https://www. businessinsider.com/netflix-ceo-reed-hastings-blasts-comcast-2014-3 google scholar
  • Singh, N., & Vives, X. (1984). Price and quantity competition in a differentiated duopoly. The Rand Journal of Economics, 546-554. google scholar
  • Statista, GmbH. (2022). Number of fixed broadband subscriptions in the United States from 2000 to 2020. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/183614/us-households-with-broadband-internet-access-since-2009/ google scholar
  • The World Bank. (2022). Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) - United States. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=US google scholar
  • Wright, J. (1999). Competition and termination in cellular networks. Available at SSRN 201988. google scholar
  • Wu, T. (2003). Network neutrality, broadband discrimination. Journal on Telecomm. & High Tech. L., 2, 141. google scholar

Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets

Yıl 2022, , 689 - 724, 18.01.2023

Turgut Erkul , Sencer Ecer

https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428

Öz

Relaxing net neutrality in the form of introducing termination fees and its welfare effects are considered in a model of imperfect complements. The equilibrium of the game between the internet service provider (ISP) and the content provider (CP) yields welfare-maximizing termination fees that depend on the relative size of the ISP’s and the CP’s own-price effects and the cross-price effects. Only when the ISP’s own price effect is relatively high compared to that of the CP’s, along with high cross price effects, such a fee should be allowed. On the other hand, when the CP’s own price effect is relatively high compared to that of the ISP’s, along with high cross price effects, mergers are expected and are likely not harmful to social welfare. Telecommunication regulators may find the results useful in their net neutrality decisions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Net neutrality Termination fee Waterbed effect

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Bourreau, M., & Lestage, R. (2019). Net neutrality and asymmetric platform competition. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 55(2), 140-171. google scholar
  • Calzada, J., & Tselekounis, M. (2018). Net Neutrality in a hyperlinked Internet economy. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 59, 190-221. google scholar
  • Clark, D. D. (2007). [Special Section on Net Neutrality] Network Neutrality: Words of Power and 800-Pound Gorillas. International Journal of Communication, 1(1), 8. google scholar
  • Comcast Cable Communications, LLC. (2022). Annual report 2021. Retrieved from https://www. cmcsa.com/static-files/8887f574-dfa9-4480-8c8b-ed7771f7ce44 google scholar
  • CompaniesMarketCap.com. (2022). Market capitalization of Netflix (NFLX). Market cap history of Netflix from 2002 to 2022. Retrieved from https://companiesmarketcap.com/netflix/marketcap/ google scholar
  • Denning, Stephanie. (2019). Why debt isn’t killing Netflix any time soon. Retrieved from https:// www.forbes.com/sites/stephaniedenning/201 9/05/26/why-debt-isnt-killing-netflix/?sh=3d07c08b5407 google scholar
  • Economides, N. (2015). Economic features of the internet and network neutrality. In Y. Bramoulle, A. Galeotti, & B. W. Rogers (Eds), The Oxford handbook of the economics of networks (pp. 810-822), Oxford Handbooks. google scholar
  • Economides, N., & Hermalin, B. E. (2012). The economics of network neutrality. The RAND Journal of Economics, 43(4), 602-629. google scholar
  • Gans, J. S. (2015). Weak versus strong net neutrality. Journal of Regulatory Economics, 47(2), 183-200. google scholar
  • Greenstein, S., Peitz, M., & Valletti, T. (2016). Net neutrality: A fast lane to understanding the trade-offs. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(2), 127-50. google scholar
  • Kastrenakes, Jacob. (2022). Netflix raises prices on all plans in US. Retrieved from https://www. theverge.com/2022/1/14/22884263/netflix-price-increases-2021-us-canada-all-plans-hd-4k google scholar
  • Katsoulacos, Y., Metsiou, E., & Ulph, D. (2016). Optimal substantive standards for competition authorities. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 16(3), 273-295. google scholar
  • Kirkwood, J. B., & Lande, R. H. (2008). The fundamental goal of antitrust: Protecting consumers, not increasing efficiency. Notre Dame Law Review, 84, 191. google scholar
  • Leiner, B. M., Cerf, V. G., Clark, D. D., Kahn, R. E., Kleinrock, L., Lynch, D. C., ... & Wolff, S. (2009). A brief history of the Internet. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 39(5), 22-31. google scholar
  • Li, S., Xu, J., Van Der Schaar, M., & Li, w. (2016). Popularity-driven content caching. In IEEE INFOCOM 2016-The 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (pp. 1-9). google scholar
  • Kramer, J., Wiewiorra, L., & Weinhardt, C. (2013). Net neutrality: A progress report. Telecommunications Policy, 37(9), 794-813. google scholar
  • Mas-Colell, A., Whinston, M. D., & Green, J. R. (1995). Microeconomic theory (Vol. 1). New York: Oxford university press. google scholar
  • Macrotrends, LLC. (2022). Netflix net profit margin 2010-2021 | NFLX. Retrieved from https://www. macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NFLX/netflix/net-profit-margin google scholar
  • Mitra, D., & Sridhar, A. (2018). The case for formation of ISP-Content providers consortiums by Nash bargaining for internet content delivery. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.10660. google scholar
  • Netflix, Inc. (2022). Annual report 2021. Retrieved from https://s22.q4cdn.com/959853165/files/ doc_financials/2021/q4/da27d24b-9358-4b5c-a424-6da061d91836.pdf google scholar
  • Njoroge, P., Ozdaglar, A., Stier-Moses, N. E., & Weintraub, G. Y. (2014). Investment in two-sided markets and the net neutrality debate. Review of Network Economics, 12(4), 355-402. google scholar
  • Norton, W. B. (2001). Internet service providers and peering. In Proceedings of NANOG (Vol. 19, pp. 1-17). google scholar
  • Russell, K. (2014). Netflix CEO blasts Comcast over net neutrality. Retrieved from https://www. businessinsider.com/netflix-ceo-reed-hastings-blasts-comcast-2014-3 google scholar
  • Singh, N., & Vives, X. (1984). Price and quantity competition in a differentiated duopoly. The Rand Journal of Economics, 546-554. google scholar
  • Statista, GmbH. (2022). Number of fixed broadband subscriptions in the United States from 2000 to 2020. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/183614/us-households-with-broadband-internet-access-since-2009/ google scholar
  • The World Bank. (2022). Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) - United States. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=US google scholar
  • Wright, J. (1999). Competition and termination in cellular networks. Available at SSRN 201988. google scholar
  • Wu, T. (2003). Network neutrality, broadband discrimination. Journal on Telecomm. & High Tech. L., 2, 141. google scholar
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Turgut Erkul 0000-0001-8819-3297

Sencer Ecer 0000-0003-2956-2990

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Erkul, T., & Ecer, S. (2023). Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 72(2), 689-724. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428
AMA Erkul T, Ecer S. Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. Ocak 2023;72(2):689-724. doi:10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428
Chicago Erkul, Turgut, ve Sencer Ecer. “Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 72, sy. 2 (Ocak 2023): 689-724. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428.
EndNote Erkul T, Ecer S (01 Ocak 2023) Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 72 2 689–724.
IEEE T. Erkul ve S. Ecer, “Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets”, İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, c. 72, sy. 2, ss. 689–724, 2023, doi: 10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428.
ISNAD Erkul, Turgut - Ecer, Sencer. “Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 72/2 (Ocak 2023), 689-724. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428.
JAMA Erkul T, Ecer S. Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2023;72:689–724.
MLA Erkul, Turgut ve Sencer Ecer. “Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, c. 72, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 689-24, doi:10.26650/ISTJECON2022-1113428.
Vancouver Erkul T, Ecer S. Net Neutrality in the Content Provision and Internet Service Provision Markets. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2023;72(2):689-724.