Latin Amerika’da Kentleşme ve Kentsel- Kırsal Gelir Eşitsizliği

Öz

Kuznets’in (1955) öncü çalışmasından sonra kentleşme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi literatürde sıkça incelenen konular arasında yer almaktadır. Ancak kırsal ve kentsel gelir eşitsizliği bağlamında bu konuya odaklanan çalışmaların sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2018 döneminde Latin Amerika’da kentleşme ile kentsel-kırsal gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Panel kantil regresyon sonuçları, kentleşmenin tüm kantillerde hem kırsal hem de kentsel gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Latin Amerika bağlamında, hem kırsal hem de kentsel gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmak için kentleşmeyi destekleyen politikalar uygulanmalıdır. Öte yandan, nedensellik sonuçları, kentleşme ile hem kırsal hem de kentsel gelir eşitsizliği arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik olduğuna dair kanıtlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentleşme
• Gelir eşitsizliği
• Panel kantil regresyon
• Panel nedensellik

Urbanization and Urban-Rural Income Inequality in Latin America

Öz

After the pioneering work by Kuznets (1955), the relationship between urbanization and income inequality is among the topics frequently examined in the literature. However, the number of attempts focusing on this issue in the context of rural and urban income inequality is quite limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between urbanization and urban-rural income inequality in Latin America over the period 2000-2018. Panel quantile regression results reveal that urbanization reduces both rural and urban income inequality in all quantiles. In the Latin American context, policies that support urbanization should be implemented to reduce both rural and urban income inequality. Furthermore, causality results present evidence of a bidirectional causality between urbanization and both rural and urban income inequality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urbanization
• Income inequality
• Panel quantile regression
• Panel causality

Kaynakça

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