Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences

Cilt: 75 Sayı: 2 15 Ocak 2026
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Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences

Öz

The social security system, essential for ensuring income security and social cohesion, faces sustainability challenges due to demographic changes and economic pressures. In Turkey, reforms aimed at unifying fragmented structures and establishing norm and standard unity have only been partially successful. An evaluation of legislative amendments, SGK data, and academic findings reveal persistent imbalances between contributions and benefits, intensified by early retirement and insufficient premium collection. Despite regulatory efforts, the system increasingly relies on social assistance mechanisms rather than maintaining a rights-based framework. SGK’s financial deficits continue to grow, with government subsidies reaching 325.63 billion TL in 2023. Although trends have varied since 2005, the active-to-retiree (active/passive) insured ratio is expected to decline to as low as 1.3, particularly due to the sharp increase in the number of retirees following the implementation of the Early Retirement Without Age Requirement (EYT) regulation. Additionally, the informality rate rose to 26.3% by late 2024, undermining the actuarial balance and distorting competition in the labour market. These findings indicate that the reform failed to fully address systemic weaknesses, necessitating a shift towards long-term, sustainable policy approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ekonomi Teorisi (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Ocak 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

27 Nisan 2025

Kabul Tarihi

22 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 75 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yorgun, S. (2026). Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 75(2), 375-393. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912
AMA
1.Yorgun S. Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2026;75(2):375-393. doi:10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912
Chicago
Yorgun, Sayım. 2026. “Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 75 (2): 375-93. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912.
EndNote
Yorgun S (01 Ocak 2026) Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 75 2 375–393.
IEEE
[1]S. Yorgun, “Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences”, İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, c. 75, sy 2, ss. 375–393, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912.
ISNAD
Yorgun, Sayım. “Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 75/2 (01 Ocak 2026): 375-393. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912.
JAMA
1.Yorgun S. Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2026;75:375–393.
MLA
Yorgun, Sayım. “Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, c. 75, sy 2, Ocak 2026, ss. 375-93, doi:10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912.
Vancouver
1.Sayım Yorgun. Evaluation of Social Security Reform in Turkey: Underlying Rationales and Economic-Administrative Consequences. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 01 Ocak 2026;75(2):375-93. doi:10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912