The social security system, essential for ensuring income security and social cohesion, faces sustainability challenges due to demographic changes and economic pressures. In Turkey, reforms aimed at unifying fragmented structures and establishing norm and standard unity have only been partially successful. An evaluation of legislative amendments, SGK data, and academic findings reveal persistent imbalances between contributions and benefits, intensified by early retirement and insufficient premium collection. Despite regulatory efforts, the system increasingly relies on social assistance mechanisms rather than maintaining a rights-based framework. SGK’s financial deficits continue to grow, with government subsidies reaching 325.63 billion TL in 2023. Although trends have varied since 2005, the active-to-retiree (active/passive) insured ratio is expected to decline to as low as 1.3, particularly due to the sharp increase in the number of retirees following the implementation of the Early Retirement Without Age Requirement (EYT) regulation. Additionally, the informality rate rose to 26.3% by late 2024, undermining the actuarial balance and distorting competition in the labour market. These findings indicate that the reform failed to fully address systemic weaknesses, necessitating a shift towards long-term, sustainable policy approaches.
Social Security Reform Financial Sustainability Public Expenditure Pension System Early Retirement Actuarial Balance Institutional Reform Legal Framework
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ekonomi Teorisi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 27 Nisan 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 22 Eylül 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Ocak 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2025-1684912 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA73GE94TS |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2025 Cilt: 75 Sayı: 2 |