The Evaluation of Financial and Commercial Relations In 17th Century Istanbul with Social Network Analysis (SNA)

Öz

Statistical and econometric methods are increasingly used worldwide in the field of economic history. In this study, in accordance with this general trend, the financial (credit) and commercial transactions carried out in Istanbul in the 17th century are examined using social network analysis (SNA) within the framework of a belief-based classification. . Our research sought to determine who the key players were in the economic relations of the period. In this context, the kadi registers of Istanbul Central and Galata courts, which were located in the two busiest commercial districts of the Ottoman capital Istanbul between 1602-1697 were used. The Ottoman kadi registers were evaluated in terms of social and economic aspects and the dynamics of social relations were put forward. In addition, the SNA applications used in different studies in the field of Ottoman history and economics in the literature were given a new example in the context of Ottoman economic history. In this context, firstly, the transactions carried out in the context of financial and commercial relations in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century were mentioned, then information was given about social network analysis, and, finally, the literature on its applications in various fields was mentioned. Then, the empirical part of the study was carried out to reveal the prominent names in terms of the intensity of economic relations and capital accumulation. According to the results obtained in the evaluation for the periods 1602-1619 and 16611697, in the first period, while the weight of Muslim elements was seen in terms of persons, statesmen and foundations in financial relations, Christian elements came into prominence in commercial transactions. In the second period, Christians were more active in commercial and financial relations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mudaraba
• istiqlal
• social network analysis

17. Yüzyıl İstanbul’unda Finansal ve Ticari İlişkilerin Sosyal Ağ Analizi (SNA) ile Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Dünyada iktisat tarihi alanında istatistiksel ve ekonometrik yöntemler giderek daha yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu genel eğilime uygun olarak bu çalışmada 17. yüzyılda İstanbul’da yürütülen finansal (kredi) ve ticari işlemlerin kimler tarafından daha yaygın olarak gerçekleştirildiği inanca bağlı bir sınıflandırma çerçevesinde sosyal ağ analizi (SNA) yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu sayede iktisadi ilişkilerde merkezi konumda bulunan kişilerin kimler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun için 1602-1697 yılları arasında Osmanlı başkenti İstanbul’un en işlek iki ticari semtindeki İstanbul Merkez ve Galata mahkemelerine ait kadı sicillerinden yararlanılmıştır. Böylece bir taraftan Osmanlı kadı sicilleri toplumsal ve iktisadi açıdan değerlendirilerek toplumsal ilişkilerin dinamikleri ortaya koyulmuş, diğer taraftan literatürde Osmanlı tarihi ve iktisat alanına ilişkin farklı çalışmalarda kullanılan SNA uygulamalarına Osmanlı iktisat tarihi bağlamında yeni bir örnek kazandırılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle 17. yüzyılda Osmanlı’da finansal ve ticari ilişkiler bağlamında yapılan işlemlerden bahsedilmiş, ardından sosyal ağ analizi hakkında bilgi verilerek çeşitli alanlardaki uygulamalarına dair literatüre değinilmiştir. Daha sonra çalışmanın ampirik kısmına geçilmiş, iktisadi ilişkilerin yoğunluğu açısından öne çıkan isimler ortaya koyulmuştur. Verilere bağlı olarak 1602-1619 ve 16611697 dönemleri için yapılan değerlendirmede ulaşılan sonuçlara göre; ilk dönemde finansal ilişkilerde gerek kişiler, gerek devlet adamları gerekse de vakıflar açısından Müslüman unsurların ağırlığı görülmekte, ticari işlemlerde ise Hıristiyan unsurlar ön plana çıkmaktadır. İkinci dönemde ise Hıristiyanların daha yoğun finansal ve ticari ilişkilerde bulunduğu söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mudarebe
• istiglâl
• sosyal ağ analizi

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