Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision

Yıl 2020, , 247 - 266, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105

Öz

The level of public goods provided in a society is important not only because it contributes to social inclusion and strengthens a shared sense of citizenship, but also because it is a fundamental pre-condition for long term growth and development. Studying the determinants of public goods provision levels, hence, becomes an important exercise. The negative association between ethnic heterogeneity and public goods provision is one such robust empirical finding in political science and economics. Despite the abundance of scholarly work on the topic, the causal mechanisms offered in the literature do not pay attention to the political process involved. The rational choice approaches simply model the relationship as a voluntary contribution game. This paper addresses this gap by offering a theoretical mechanism based on a legislative bargaining framework. We also provide a discussion on a potential extension of the framework where ethnic groups are endogenous.

Kaynakça

  • Alesina, A., Baqir, R., & Easterly, W. (1999). Public goods and ethnic divisions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 , 1243-1284.
  • Banerjee, A., Iyer, L., & Somanathan, R. (2005). History, social divisions and public goods in rural india. Journal of the European Economic Association, 3 , 639-647.
  • Banks, J. S., & Duggan, J. (2000). A bargaining model of collective choice. American Political Science Review , 73–88.
  • Baron, D. P. (1989). A noncooperative theory of legislative coalitions. American Journal of Political Science, 1048–1084.
  • Baron, D. P., & Ferejohn, J. (1989b). Bargaining in legislatures. American Political Science Review , 83 , 1181-1206.
  • Baron, D. P., & Ferejohn, J. A. (1989a). Bargaining in legislatures. The American Political Science Review , 1181–1206.
  • Borel, E., & Ville, J. (1938). Applications aux jeux de hasard. Gauthier-Villars.
  • Calvert, R. L., & Dietz, N. (2005). Legislative coalitions in a bargaining model with exter- nalities. In D. Austen-Smith & J. Duggan (Eds.), Social choice and strategic decisions: Essays in honor of Jeffrey S. Banks. Springer.
  • Easterly, W., & Levine, R. (1997). Africa’s growth tragedy: policies and ethnic divisions. The Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 112 (4), 1203–1250.
  • Esteban, J., & Ray, D. (1999). Conflict and distribution. Journal of Economic Theory, 87 (2), 379–415.
  • Gross, O., & Wagner, R. (1950). A continuous colonel blotto game. Rand Project Air Force Santa MonicaHabyarimana, J., Humphreys, M., Posner, D. N., & Weinstein, J. M. (2007). Why does ethnic diversity undermine public goods provision? American Political Science Review , 101 , 709-725.
  • Hill, S. J., & Tausanovitch, C. (2015). A disconnect in representation? Comparison of trends in congressional and public polarization. The Journal of Politics, 77 (4), 1058–1075.
  • Jackson, K. (2007). Why does ethnic diversity affect public good provision? - an empirical analysis of water provision in africa. Unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia.
  • Jackson, K. (2013). Diversity and the distribution of public goods in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of African Economies, 22 (3), 437–462.
  • Jackson, M., & Moselle, B. (2002). Coalition and party formation in a legislative voting game. Journal of Economic Theory , 103 (1), 49–87.
  • Kimenyi, M. (2006). Ethnicity, governance and the provision of public goods. Journal of African Economies, 15 , 62–99.
  • Kuijs, L. (2000). The impact of ethnic heterogeneity on the quantity and quality of public spending. IMF Working Paper
  • Laslier, J., & Picard, N. (2002). Distributive politics and electoral competition. Journal of Economic Theory , 103 (1), 106–130.
  • Laver, M. (2005). Policy and the dynamics of political competition. American Political Science Review , 263–281.
  • Lizzeri, A., & Persico, N. (2001). The provision of public goods under alternative electoral incentives. American Economic Review, 91 (1), 225–239.
  • Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. The Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 110 (3), 681–712.
  • Miguel, E., & Gugerty, M. K. (2005). Ethnic diversity, social sanctions, and public goods in kenya. Journal of Public Economics, 89 , 2325-2368.
  • Montalvo, J., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2005). Ethnic polarization, potential conflict, and civil wars. American Economic Review, 95 (3), 796–816.
  • Myerson, R. (1993). Incentives to cultivate favored minorities under alternative electoral systems. American Political Science Review , 87 (4), 856–869.
  • Porta, R. L., de Silanes, F. L., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1999). The quality of government.Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15 , 222-279.
  • Posner, D. N. (2004). Measuring ethnic fractionalization in africa. American Journal of Political Science, 48 (4), 849–863.
  • Roberson, B. (2006). The colonel blotto game. Economic Theory , 29 (1), 1–24.
  • Sachs, J. (2005). The end of poverty: How we can make it happen in our lifetime. Penguin UK.
  • Vigdor, J. L. (2004). Community composition and collective action: Analyzing initial mail response to the 2000 census. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86 (1), 303–312.

Etnik Heterojenlik ve Kamu Malı Teminatı

Yıl 2020, , 247 - 266, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105

Öz

Bir toplumdaki kamu malları düzeyi, sadece toplumsal kapsayıcılık ve paylaşılan bir vatandaşlık duygusunu güçlendirmesi açısından değil, uzun vadeli büyüme ve gelişme için temel bir önkoşul olması açısından da önem arzeder. Bu yüzden, kamu malı tedarikini belirleyen etkenler üzerine çalışmalar yapmak oldukça önemli bir çabadır. Etnik heterojenlikle kamu malları tedarik düzeyi arasındaki negatif ilişki de, siyaset bilimi ve ekonomideki bu yöndeki sağlam bir ampirik bulgudur. Konu üzerine yapılmış çalışmaların fazlalığına rağmen, literatürde önerilen nedensellik mekanizmaları, varolan siyasi süreçleri dikkate almamıştır. Rasyonel seçim yaklaşımları bu ilişkiyi basit bir gönüllü katkı oyunu olarak modellemektedirler. Bu makale, yasama meclisi pazarlık oyunu modeline dayalı bir teorik mekanizma önererek literatürdeki bu boşluğu doldurmayı hedefliyor. Ayrıca, bu modelin, etnik grupların endojen olduğu genişletilmiş bir halini de tartışıyoruz.

Kaynakça

  • Alesina, A., Baqir, R., & Easterly, W. (1999). Public goods and ethnic divisions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 , 1243-1284.
  • Banerjee, A., Iyer, L., & Somanathan, R. (2005). History, social divisions and public goods in rural india. Journal of the European Economic Association, 3 , 639-647.
  • Banks, J. S., & Duggan, J. (2000). A bargaining model of collective choice. American Political Science Review , 73–88.
  • Baron, D. P. (1989). A noncooperative theory of legislative coalitions. American Journal of Political Science, 1048–1084.
  • Baron, D. P., & Ferejohn, J. (1989b). Bargaining in legislatures. American Political Science Review , 83 , 1181-1206.
  • Baron, D. P., & Ferejohn, J. A. (1989a). Bargaining in legislatures. The American Political Science Review , 1181–1206.
  • Borel, E., & Ville, J. (1938). Applications aux jeux de hasard. Gauthier-Villars.
  • Calvert, R. L., & Dietz, N. (2005). Legislative coalitions in a bargaining model with exter- nalities. In D. Austen-Smith & J. Duggan (Eds.), Social choice and strategic decisions: Essays in honor of Jeffrey S. Banks. Springer.
  • Easterly, W., & Levine, R. (1997). Africa’s growth tragedy: policies and ethnic divisions. The Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 112 (4), 1203–1250.
  • Esteban, J., & Ray, D. (1999). Conflict and distribution. Journal of Economic Theory, 87 (2), 379–415.
  • Gross, O., & Wagner, R. (1950). A continuous colonel blotto game. Rand Project Air Force Santa MonicaHabyarimana, J., Humphreys, M., Posner, D. N., & Weinstein, J. M. (2007). Why does ethnic diversity undermine public goods provision? American Political Science Review , 101 , 709-725.
  • Hill, S. J., & Tausanovitch, C. (2015). A disconnect in representation? Comparison of trends in congressional and public polarization. The Journal of Politics, 77 (4), 1058–1075.
  • Jackson, K. (2007). Why does ethnic diversity affect public good provision? - an empirical analysis of water provision in africa. Unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia.
  • Jackson, K. (2013). Diversity and the distribution of public goods in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of African Economies, 22 (3), 437–462.
  • Jackson, M., & Moselle, B. (2002). Coalition and party formation in a legislative voting game. Journal of Economic Theory , 103 (1), 49–87.
  • Kimenyi, M. (2006). Ethnicity, governance and the provision of public goods. Journal of African Economies, 15 , 62–99.
  • Kuijs, L. (2000). The impact of ethnic heterogeneity on the quantity and quality of public spending. IMF Working Paper
  • Laslier, J., & Picard, N. (2002). Distributive politics and electoral competition. Journal of Economic Theory , 103 (1), 106–130.
  • Laver, M. (2005). Policy and the dynamics of political competition. American Political Science Review , 263–281.
  • Lizzeri, A., & Persico, N. (2001). The provision of public goods under alternative electoral incentives. American Economic Review, 91 (1), 225–239.
  • Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. The Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 110 (3), 681–712.
  • Miguel, E., & Gugerty, M. K. (2005). Ethnic diversity, social sanctions, and public goods in kenya. Journal of Public Economics, 89 , 2325-2368.
  • Montalvo, J., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2005). Ethnic polarization, potential conflict, and civil wars. American Economic Review, 95 (3), 796–816.
  • Myerson, R. (1993). Incentives to cultivate favored minorities under alternative electoral systems. American Political Science Review , 87 (4), 856–869.
  • Porta, R. L., de Silanes, F. L., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1999). The quality of government.Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15 , 222-279.
  • Posner, D. N. (2004). Measuring ethnic fractionalization in africa. American Journal of Political Science, 48 (4), 849–863.
  • Roberson, B. (2006). The colonel blotto game. Economic Theory , 29 (1), 1–24.
  • Sachs, J. (2005). The end of poverty: How we can make it happen in our lifetime. Penguin UK.
  • Vigdor, J. L. (2004). Community composition and collective action: Analyzing initial mail response to the 2000 census. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86 (1), 303–312.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ugur Ozdemir 0000-0001-6736-7008

Y. Alper Ecevit 0000-0002-9267-0962

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Ozdemir, U., & Ecevit, Y. A. (2020). Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 70(2), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105
AMA Ozdemir U, Ecevit YA. Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. Aralık 2020;70(2):247-266. doi:10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105
Chicago Ozdemir, Ugur, ve Y. Alper Ecevit. “Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 70, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 247-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105.
EndNote Ozdemir U, Ecevit YA (01 Aralık 2020) Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 70 2 247–266.
IEEE U. Ozdemir ve Y. A. Ecevit, “Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision”, İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, c. 70, sy. 2, ss. 247–266, 2020, doi: 10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105.
ISNAD Ozdemir, Ugur - Ecevit, Y. Alper. “Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 70/2 (Aralık 2020), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105.
JAMA Ozdemir U, Ecevit YA. Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2020;70:247–266.
MLA Ozdemir, Ugur ve Y. Alper Ecevit. “Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision”. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, c. 70, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 247-66, doi:10.26650/ISTJECON2020-833105.
Vancouver Ozdemir U, Ecevit YA. Ethnic Heterogeneity and Public Goods Provision. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2020;70(2):247-66.