2000-2018 Döneminde Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin (KOBİ'ler) Yemen'de Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 72 Sayı: 1, 55 - 80, 30.06.2022

Shagea Ghaleb , Ekrem Gül

https://doi.org/10.26650/ISTJECON2021-1004194

Öz

Bu çalışma, küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin Yemen'in sürdürülebilir kalkınması üzerindeki etkisini ve bu işletmelerin sanayi sektörü ve bir bütün olarak ekonomi düzeyinde oynadıkları rolü belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu, Yemen'de sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın en önemli göstergelerinin ekonomik, sosyal, çevresel ve kurumsal tüm yönleriyle ilerlemesini ve küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin ilerlemesini sergilemek için toplanan verilerin tanımlayıcı ve istatistiksel analizi yoluyla yapılmıştır, rolleri ve istihdama, üretime ve katma değere katkıları. Çalışma, SmartPLS3 istatistik programı kullanılarak 2000-2018 döneminde seçilen değişkenlerin verilerini analiz etmek için kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesini (PLS-SEM) izlenmiştir. Çalışma bulguları, sürdürülebilir kalkınma göstergelerinin düşük olmasına rağmen, bu çalışma için seçilen dönemde küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin Yemen'in sürdürülebilir kalkınması üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sürdürülebilir kalkınma;, ekonomik boyut;, sosyal boyut;, çevresel boyut;, kurumsal boyut;, PLS-SEM, Yemen

Impact of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) on the Sustainable Development in Yemen during the Period from 2000 to 2018: An Empirical Study

Öz

This study aims to identify the impact of small and medium-sized enterprises on Yemen’s sustainable development, and the role these enterprises play at the levels of the industrial sector and the economy as a whole. This is done through descriptive and statistical analysis of collected data for exhibiting the progression of the most significant indicators of sustainable development in Yemen in all its aspects, economic, social, environmental, and institutional, and the progression of small and medium-sized enterprises, their role and contribution to employment, production, and the value-added. The study follows the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for analyzing the data of the selected variables during the period from 2000 to 2018 using the statistical program SmartPLS3. The study findings show that, though indicators of sustainable development were low, the small and medium-sized enterprises had a favorable effect on Yemen’s sustainable development during the period selected for this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sustainable development, Economic dimension, Social dimension, Environmental dimension, Institutional dimension, SMEs, PLS-SEM, Yemen

Kaynakça

• Abraham, T. W. & Ahmed, U. A. (2011). Economic growth and human development index in Nigeria: An error correction model approach. International Journal of Administration and Development Studies, 2(1), 239-254. google scholar
• Adeyemi, P. A. & Ogunsola, J. A. (2016). The impact of human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria: ARDL approach. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(3), 1-7. google scholar
• Aghion, P., Howitt, P. & Murtin, F. (2011). The relationship between health and growth: When Lucas meets Nelson-Phelps. Review of Economics and Institutions 2(1), 1-24. google scholar
• Akar, G., Sarıtaş, T. ve Kızılkaya, O. (2021). İnsani gelişmenin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: Geçiş ekonomileri üzerine bir uygulama, Business and Economics Research Journal, 12(2), 307-318. google scholar
• Appiah, M., Amoasi, R. & Frowne, D. I. (2019). Human development and its effects on economic growth and development. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 12(2), 101-109. google scholar
• Aydın, M. (2019). İnsani gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Türkiye üzerine ampirik bir çalişma. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(4), 33-42. google scholar
• Balcı, E. ve Özcan, S. (2019). İnsani gelişmişlik ve büyüme arasındaki ilişki: OIC ülkeleri üzerinde bir analiz. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 8(3), 222-235. google scholar
• Baltagi, B. H. (2005) Econometric analysis of panel data (third ed.), New York: John Wiley. & Sons Pbc. google scholar
• Beine, G. & Olaniyn. (2014). “Economic growth and human development-a theoretical justification”. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/38461/7/chapter%203.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:05.01.2022). google scholar
• Bhowmik, D. (2018). Nexus between growth and human development index: Evidence from India and Indian States. Assumption University-eJournal of Interdisciplinary Research (AUeJIR), 3(2),96-118. google scholar
• Bleakley, H. (2011). Health, human capital, and development. Annual Review of Economics, 2(1), 280-310. google scholar
• Bloom, D.E., Kuhn, M. & Prettner, K. (2018b). Escaping poverty: Investing in women’s human capital. In: 2018 Davos Edition: Eradicating Extreme Poverty, Credit Suisse Research Institute, 1(1), 6-16. google scholar
• Bloom, D. E., Kuhn, M. & Prettner, K. (2019). Health and economic growth. In J.H. Hamilton, A. Dixit, S. Edwards, and K. Judd (Eds.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. google scholar
• Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239- 253. google scholar
• Bundala, N. (2012). Economic Growth and Human Development; A Link Mechanism: An Empirical Approach, MPRA Paper 47648, 1-23. google scholar
• Chiappero-Martinetti, E., Von Jacobi, N. & Signorelli, M. (2015). Human development and economic growth. In J. Hölscher & H. Tomann (Eds.), Palgrave dictionary of emerging markets and transition economics (pp. 223-244). Berlin: Springer. google scholar
• Chikalipah, S. & Makina, D. (2019). Economic growth and human development: Evidence from Zambia. Sustainable Development, 27, 1023-1033. google scholar
• Cohen, D. & Soto, M. (2007). Growth and human capital: Good data, good results. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 51-76. google scholar
• Choi, I. (2001). Unit root tests for panel data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 20(1), 249-272. google scholar
• Elistia, A. & Syahzuni, B. A. (2018). The Correlation of the Human Development Index (HDI) Towards Economic Growth (GDP Per Capita) in 10 ASEAN Member Countries. Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 2(2), 40-46. google scholar
• Erdem, E. ve Çelik, B. (2019). İnsani gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Bazı Afrika ülkeleri üzerine bir uygulama, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 13-36. google scholar
• Gennaioli, N., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F. & Shleifer, A. (2013). Human capital and regional development. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 105-164. google scholar
• Ghosh, M. (2006). Economic growth and human development in Indian states. Economic and Political Weekly, 41(30), 3321-3329. google scholar
• Golley, J. & Tyers, R. (2012). Demographic dividends, dependencies, and economic growth in China and India, Asian Economic Papers, 11(3), 1-26. google scholar
• Gopalakrishna, B. V. & Rao, J. (2012). Economic growth & human development: The experience of Indian states, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(4), 634-644. google scholar
• Grubaugh, S. G. (2015). Economic growth and growth in human development. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 15(2), 5-16. google scholar
• Hanushek, E.A. (2013). Economic growth in developing countries: The role of human capital. Economics of Education Review 37(December 2013), 204-212. google scholar
• Human Development Report (2020). http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:14.01.2022). google scholar
• Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H. & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74. google scholar
• Isola, Wakeel A. & Alani, R. A. (2012). Human capital development and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Nigeria. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2(7), 813-827. google scholar
• Klasen, S. (2018). The impact of gender inequality on economic performance in developing countries. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 10(1), 279-298. google scholar
• Lee, R. & Mason, A. (2010). Fertility, human capital, and economic growth over the demographic transition. European Journal of Population/Revue Europeenne de Demographie, 26(2), 159-182. google scholar
• Maddala, G. S. & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Special Issue, 61(1), 631-652. google scholar
• Mihaela, N. D. & Georgiana, C. O. (2015). Correlations between human development and economic growth. Annals of the Constantin Brâncuşi University of Târgu Jiu Economy Series, 1(1), 118-122. google scholar
• Misra, R. (2015). Impact of demographic dividend on economic growth: A study of BRICS and the EU. International Studies 52(1-4), 99-117. google scholar
• Öztürk, S. ve Suluk, S. (2020). Ekonomik büyümenin anahtarı olarak eğitim: İsveç, Norveç ve Danimarka’da eğitim ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi S.B.E. Dergisi,10(1), 381-402. google scholar Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. CESifo Working Papers, no.1233, 255-260. google scholar Pesaran, M. H. (2007), A Simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence. Journal ofApplied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312. google scholar Pesaran, M. H., Ullah A., & Yamagata T. (2008). A bias-adjusted lm test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127. google scholar Pesaran, M. H. & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93. google scholar Rahman, R. A., Rajab, M. A. & Ryanb, C. (2020). The impact of human development on economic growth: a panel data approach. Economics Research Network, 1(1), 1-38. google scholar Ranis, G. & Stewart, F. (2005). Dynamic links between the economy and human development. Department for Economic and Social Affairs Working Paper, No.8, United Nations, New York. google scholar Ranis, G., Stewart, F. & Ramirez, A. (2000). Economic growth and human development. World Development, 28(2), 197-219. google scholar Reyes, G. E. & Useche, A. J. (2019). Competitiveness, economic growth and human development in Latin American and Caribbean countries 2006-2015: A performance and correlation analysis. Competitiveness Review, 29(2), 139-159. google scholar Saksena, S. & Deb, M. (2016). Transition pattern of Indian states across different categories of growth and development: Post economic liberalisation experience. Business and Economic Horizons, 12(3), 121-140. google scholar Singh, A. (2012). Financial globalization and human development. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 13(1), 135-151. google scholar Suri, T., Boozer, M. A., Ranis, G. & Stewart, F. J. W. D. (2011). Paths to success: The relationship between human development and economic growth. World Development, 39(4), 506-522. google scholar Şaşmaz, M. Ü. ve Yayla, Y. E. (2018). Vergiler ve ekonomik büyüme ile insani gelişme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: Avrupa Birliği geçiş ekonomileri örneği. Sayıştay Dergisi, 111, 79-99. google scholar Tsaurai, K. (2018). Is human capital development a channel through which financial development influences economic growth? A Case of Emerging Markets. Euroeconomica, 3(37), 130-139. google scholar Weil, D.N. (2007). Accounting for the effect of health on economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1265-1306. google scholar World Bank (2021). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ (Erişim tarihi:10.01.2022). google scholar Uçan, O. ve Koçak, E. (2018). İnsani gelişme endeksi ile büyüme ilişkisi: Pedroni eşbütünleşme örneği. Journal of Politics, Economy and Management ( JOPEM), 1(2), 55-61. google scholar UNDP (2020). Human Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press. google scholar