Araştırma Makalesi
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TÜRKİYE'DE HAVA TAŞIMACILIĞI VE KALKINMA GÖSTERGELERİ ARASINDAKİ DİNAMİK YAYILMA ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 42, 1292 - 1306, 19.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.870896

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, 1970-2017 dönemini kapsayan Türkiye'deki havayolu taşımacılığı ile kalkınma göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır. 21. yüzyılda ulaşım sektörü önceki yıllara göre önemli ölçüde genişleme eğilimindedir. Günümüzde taşımacılığın kapsamı havayolu, karayolu, denizyolu, demiryolu ve boru hatları çerçevesinde oluşmaktadır. Mal ve hizmetlerin ve yolcu taşımacılığının farklı olduğu bu sektörde tercih edilme nedenleri olsa da en hızlı ve güvenli yöntem olarak havayolu taşımacılığı ön plana çıkmıştır.
Yöntem/Tasarım/Metodoloji/Yaklaşım: Havayolu taşımacılığı ekonomik düzeye bağlı olmakla birlikte kalkınmaya da etki etmektedir. Bu bağlamda hedefler iki yönlüdür: makale (i) havayolu taşımacılığı önlemleri ile çok çeşitli kalkınma göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırır ve (ii) dinamik bağlılık yaklaşımına dayalı ampirik bir çerçeve içerir. Bu yöntem, değişkenler arasında bir ilişkisel ağın ayrılmaz parçalarını oluşturan net, ikili ve toplam bağlantılılık parametreleri sağlamaktadır.
Bulgular: Ampirik bulgulara göre, havayolu taşımacılığı, beklenen yaşam süresi ve yeni doğan ölümleri net aktarıcı, havayolu taşımacılığı ve diğer kalkınma göstergelerinin (şehirleşme, insan sermayesi endeksi, CO2 emisyonları ve kişi başına düşen GSYİH) net alıcılardır.
Özgünlük: Dinamik bağlantılılık yöntemiyle elde edilen sonuçlar değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ağının oluşturulması düzleminde konvansiyonel yöntemlerden ayrışmaktadır. Bu çalışma sayesinde, Türkiye kapsamında literatürde katkısı bakımından yeni olan kalkınma göstergeleri ve havayolu taşımacılığı ilişkileri, bir ağ sistemi çerçevesinde ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdallah, K. B., Belloumi, M., & De Wolf, D. (2013). Indicators for sustainable energy development: A multivariate cointegration and causality analysis from Tunisian road transport sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 34-43.
  • Antonakakis, N., & Gabauer, D. (2017). Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on TVP-VAR. MPRA Paper No: 78282.
  • Arvin, M. B., Pradhan, R. P., & Norman, N. R. (2015). Transportation intensity, urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the G-20 countries. Utilities Policy, 35, 50-66.
  • Bahar, E. (2018). Türkiye’de havayolu işletmeciliğinin gelişimi. Ekonomi, Yönetim ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 25-36.
  • Bakırcı, M. (2012). Ulaşım Coğrafyası Açısından Türkiye’de Havayolu Ulaşımının Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Mevcut Yapısı. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 25, 340-377.
  • Beyzatlar, M. A. Türkiye’de Ulaşım ve Ekonomik Göstergeler Arasındaki Yayılma Etkileri. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-23.
  • Button, K., & Taylor, S. (2000). International air transportation and economic development. Journal of air transport management, 6(4), 209-222.
  • Chang, Y. H., & Chang, Y. W. (2009). Air cargo expansion and economic growth: Finding the empirical link. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15(5), 264-265.
  • Chi, J., & Baek, J. (2013). Dynamic relationship between air transport demand and economic growth in the United States: A new look. Transport Policy, 29, 257-260.
  • Diebold, F. X., & Yilmaz, K. (2012). Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers. International Journal of Forecasting, 28(1), 57-66.
  • Fernandes, E., & Pacheco, R. R. (2010). The causal relationship between GDP and domestic air passenger traffic in Brazil. Transportation Planning and Technology, 33(7), 569-581.
  • General Directorate of State Airports Authority (DHMI), About Us, https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/EN/AboutUs.aspx, accessed in 2020.
  • Hakim, M. M., & Merkert, R. (2016). The causal relationship between air transport and economic growth: Empirical evidence from South Asia. Journal of Transport Geography, 56, 120-127.
  • International Air Transport Association (IATA), Programs: Passenger Experience https://www.iata.org/en/programs/passenger/fast-travel/, accessed in 2020.
  • Ishutkina, M., & Hansman, R. J. (2008, July). Analysis of Interaction between Air Transportation and Economic Activity. In The 26th Congress of ICAS and 8th AIAA ATIO (p. 8888).
  • Karlaftis, M. G. (2008). Demand forecasting in regional airports: dynamic Tobit models with GARCH errors. Sitraer, 7, 100-111.
  • Kasarda, J. D., & Green, J. D. (2005). Air cargo as an economic development engine: A note on opportunities and constraints. Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(6), 459-462.
  • Mammadov, R. (2012, May). The importance of transportation in tourism sector. In 7th Silk Road International Conference “Challenges and opportunities of sustainable economic development in Eurasian countries.
  • Maparu, T. S., & Mazumder, T. N. (2017). Transport infrastructure, economic development and urbanization in India (1990–2011): Is there any causal relationship?. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 100, 319-336.
  • Marazzo, M., Scherre, R., & Fernandes, E. (2010). Air transport demand and economic growth in Brazil: A time series analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46(2), 261-269.
  • Mukkala, K., & Tervo, H. (2013). Air transportation and regional growth: which way does the causality run?. Environment and Planning A, 45(6), 1508-1520.
  • Schäfer, A. W., & Waitz, I. A. (2014). Air transportation and the environment. Transport policy, 34, 1-4.
  • Shahbaz, M., Chaudhary, A. R., & Ozturk, I. (2017). Does urbanization cause increasing energy demand in Pakistan? Empirical evidence from STIRPAT model. Energy, 122, 83-93.
  • Turkish Airlines (THY), Press Room, About Us: Our Story https://www.turkishairlines.com/en-tr/press-room/about-us/our-story/index.html accessed in 2020.
  • Turkstat (TUIK), Statistic, Transportation and Communication https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-ve-haberlesme-112&dil=1 accessed in 2020.

EXPLORING THE DYNAMIC SPILLOVER EFFECTS BETWEEN AIR TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS IN TURKEY

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 42, 1292 - 1306, 19.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.870896

Öz

Purpose: This study presents the relationship between air transportation and development indicators in Turkey covering the period from 1970 to 2017. The transportation sector tends to expand significantly in the 21st century compared to previous years. Nowadays, there are various transportation methods, especially by air, land, sea, railway, and pipeline. Although the reasons for being preferred in this sector where goods and services and passenger transportation are different, air transportation has come to the fore as the fastest and safest method.
Method/Design/Methodology/Approach: While air transportation depends on the economic level, it also has effects on development. In this context the objectives are twofold: the paper (i) investigates the relationship between air transportation measures and a wide variety of development indicators, and (ii) incorporates an empirical framework based on the dynamic connectedness approach. This method supplies net, pairwise, and total connectedness parameters, which form integral parts of a relational network among variables.
Findings: According to empirical findings, air passenger transportation, life expectancy, and infant mortality are net transmitters, where air freight transportation and other development indicators (urbanization, human capital index, CO2 emissions, and GDP per capita) are net receivers.
Originality: The results obtained by the dynamic connectedness method differ from conventional methods in the plane of creating a relationship network within the variables. Through this paper, the relations between development indicators and air transportation in Turkey have been uncovered under the terms of the contribution to the literature, were revealed as part of a network system.

Kaynakça

  • Abdallah, K. B., Belloumi, M., & De Wolf, D. (2013). Indicators for sustainable energy development: A multivariate cointegration and causality analysis from Tunisian road transport sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 34-43.
  • Antonakakis, N., & Gabauer, D. (2017). Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on TVP-VAR. MPRA Paper No: 78282.
  • Arvin, M. B., Pradhan, R. P., & Norman, N. R. (2015). Transportation intensity, urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the G-20 countries. Utilities Policy, 35, 50-66.
  • Bahar, E. (2018). Türkiye’de havayolu işletmeciliğinin gelişimi. Ekonomi, Yönetim ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 25-36.
  • Bakırcı, M. (2012). Ulaşım Coğrafyası Açısından Türkiye’de Havayolu Ulaşımının Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Mevcut Yapısı. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 25, 340-377.
  • Beyzatlar, M. A. Türkiye’de Ulaşım ve Ekonomik Göstergeler Arasındaki Yayılma Etkileri. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 3(1), 1-23.
  • Button, K., & Taylor, S. (2000). International air transportation and economic development. Journal of air transport management, 6(4), 209-222.
  • Chang, Y. H., & Chang, Y. W. (2009). Air cargo expansion and economic growth: Finding the empirical link. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15(5), 264-265.
  • Chi, J., & Baek, J. (2013). Dynamic relationship between air transport demand and economic growth in the United States: A new look. Transport Policy, 29, 257-260.
  • Diebold, F. X., & Yilmaz, K. (2012). Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers. International Journal of Forecasting, 28(1), 57-66.
  • Fernandes, E., & Pacheco, R. R. (2010). The causal relationship between GDP and domestic air passenger traffic in Brazil. Transportation Planning and Technology, 33(7), 569-581.
  • General Directorate of State Airports Authority (DHMI), About Us, https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/EN/AboutUs.aspx, accessed in 2020.
  • Hakim, M. M., & Merkert, R. (2016). The causal relationship between air transport and economic growth: Empirical evidence from South Asia. Journal of Transport Geography, 56, 120-127.
  • International Air Transport Association (IATA), Programs: Passenger Experience https://www.iata.org/en/programs/passenger/fast-travel/, accessed in 2020.
  • Ishutkina, M., & Hansman, R. J. (2008, July). Analysis of Interaction between Air Transportation and Economic Activity. In The 26th Congress of ICAS and 8th AIAA ATIO (p. 8888).
  • Karlaftis, M. G. (2008). Demand forecasting in regional airports: dynamic Tobit models with GARCH errors. Sitraer, 7, 100-111.
  • Kasarda, J. D., & Green, J. D. (2005). Air cargo as an economic development engine: A note on opportunities and constraints. Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(6), 459-462.
  • Mammadov, R. (2012, May). The importance of transportation in tourism sector. In 7th Silk Road International Conference “Challenges and opportunities of sustainable economic development in Eurasian countries.
  • Maparu, T. S., & Mazumder, T. N. (2017). Transport infrastructure, economic development and urbanization in India (1990–2011): Is there any causal relationship?. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 100, 319-336.
  • Marazzo, M., Scherre, R., & Fernandes, E. (2010). Air transport demand and economic growth in Brazil: A time series analysis. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46(2), 261-269.
  • Mukkala, K., & Tervo, H. (2013). Air transportation and regional growth: which way does the causality run?. Environment and Planning A, 45(6), 1508-1520.
  • Schäfer, A. W., & Waitz, I. A. (2014). Air transportation and the environment. Transport policy, 34, 1-4.
  • Shahbaz, M., Chaudhary, A. R., & Ozturk, I. (2017). Does urbanization cause increasing energy demand in Pakistan? Empirical evidence from STIRPAT model. Energy, 122, 83-93.
  • Turkish Airlines (THY), Press Room, About Us: Our Story https://www.turkishairlines.com/en-tr/press-room/about-us/our-story/index.html accessed in 2020.
  • Turkstat (TUIK), Statistic, Transportation and Communication https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=ulastirma-ve-haberlesme-112&dil=1 accessed in 2020.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Turan Dündar 0000-0002-8224-4951

Mehmet Aldonat Beyzatlar 0000-0002-8434-8447

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 28 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 42

Kaynak Göster

APA Dündar, T., & Beyzatlar, M. A. (2021). EXPLORING THE DYNAMIC SPILLOVER EFFECTS BETWEEN AIR TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS IN TURKEY. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(42), 1292-1306. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.870896