Sürdürülebilir Yağmur Suyu Hasadı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 97 - 110, 30.11.2023

Muhammed Nimet Hamidi Nizamettin Hamidi Onur Işık Hüseyin Güven Hale Özgün Mustafa Evren Erşahin

Öz

Hızla artan nüfus ve sanayileşme, tatlı su kaynaklarının tükenmesine ve su stresine sebep olmaktadır. Yağmur suyu hasadı (YSH), alternatif bir tatlı su kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmekte ve su stresinin azaltılması için önemli bir potansiyel oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yağmur suyu kalitesine etki eden faktörler, YSH sisteminin bileşenleri (çatı, oluk, ilk sifon, depolama tankı ve arıtma sistemi), toplanan yağmur suyunun kullanım alanları, YSH sistemlerinin maliyeti ve YSH ile ilgili mevzuat değerlendirilmiştir. Yağmur suyu ıslak birikim ve kuru birikim süreçleriyle kirlenmektedir. Ayrıca, çatı ve depolama tankı malzemesi de toplanan yağmur suyu kalitesine etki etmektedir. Çatılardan toplanan yağmur suyunun belirli bir kısmı yağışın ilk dakikalarında ilk sifon sistemi kullanılarak ayrılarak atmosferde ve çatı üzerinde biriken kirleticilerin depolama tankına girişi engellenmektedir. Toplanan yağmur suları tuvalet rezervuarlarında, çamaşır ve araba yıkamada, rekreasyon alanlarında, içme suyunda, bahçe ve peyzaj sulamasında kullanılabilmektedir. Yağmur suyu arıtma ihtiyacı kullanım amacına göre değişmektedir. Yağmur suyu arıtımında basit ızgaralar, elekler, kum filtrasyonu, granüler aktif karbon ve membran filtrasyon; dezenfeksiyonunda ise klor ve ultraviyole (UV) en sık kullanılan yöntemlerdir. YSH sisteminin geri ödeme süresi birim su fiyatına, faiz oranına, YSH’nin ilk yatırım ve işletme maliyetine bağlı olarak farklılık göstermektedir. Geri ödeme sürelerinin kısaltılması için hükümetler ve yerel yönetimler tarafından teşvik mekanizmaları uygulanmalıdır. Bu derleme makalesinin, YSH sisteminin bileşenleri, maliyeti ve dünya genelindeki mevzuat hakkında bilgi vererek uygulayıcılara ve bilim insanlarına yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yağmur Suyu Hasadı, Çatı, Depolama, Arıtma

Kaynakça

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