Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Cell Reaction Mechanisms, Limitations and Solutions

Öz

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are known for their high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh/g), high theoretical specific energy (2600 Wh/kg), non-toxicity, natural abundance and cheapness of the cathode active material sulfur. Especially because of the high specific energy, Li-S batteries are expected to be one of the best successors to be used as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the future. However, Li-S batteries are still not commercially available due to the rapid capacity fading stemming from intrinsic material-related issues — such as the use of lithium metal as the anode, the insulating nature of sulfur as the cathode and the discharge product (Li₂S), substantial volume expansion at the end of discharge. In this short review, Li-S batteries, their reaction mechanisms, limitations preventing the successful long-term operation and approaches suggested as solution in the literature will be introduced and mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Energy storage
• lithium-sulfur batteries
• lithium metal anode
• sulfur

Lityum-Sülfür Bataryalar: Hücre Reaksiyon Mekanizmaları, Kısıtlamalar ve Çözümler

Öz

Lityum-sülfür (Li-S) bataryalar, sahip oldukları yüksek teorik kapasite (1675 mAh/g), yüksek özgül enerji (2600 Wh/kg), kullanılan malzemelerin toksik olmaması, katot aktif malzemesi olarak kullanılan sülfürün doğada bolca bulunması ve ucuz olması gibi nedenlerle öne çıkmaktadır. Özellikle sahip oldukları yüksek özgül enerji sayesinde Li-S bataryaların gelecekte lityum-iyon bataryalara (LİB’ler) alternatif olabilecek en uygun sistemlerden biri olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak, sistemde kullanılan metalik Li anot ve yalıtkan sülfür katotun hücrenin çalışması sırasında yol açtığı problemlerden kaynaklı olarak hızlı kapasite kaybına uğraması nedeniyle Li-S bataryalar henüz ticarileşememiştir. Bu kısa derleme makalesinde Li-S bataryalar, ilgili reaksiyon mekanizmaları, sistemin uzun çevrimler boyunca başarılı bir şekilde çalışmasını engelleyen problemler ve bunlara dair literatürde önerilen çözüm yöntemleri tanımlanacak ve detaylandırılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji depolama
• lityum-sülfür bataryalar
• lityum metal anot
• sülfür

Kaynakça

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