Araştırma Makalesi

Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1 28 Ocak 2026
PDF İndir
EN TR

Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Öz

After the 2010s, numerous examples of çeşni fragments—used as test pieces to evaluate color performance and glaze compatibility—were unearthed during the İznik Tile Kilns Excavation (Bursa), while comparable sherds were also recovered from excavations at Tekfur Palace in Istanbul. Considering historical evidence indicating the involvement of İznik craftsmen in tile production at Tekfur Palace, this study investigates the technological compatibility of these çeşni examples with İznik production traditions. To this end, glazes, decorative pigments, and ceramic bodies were analyzed using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectroscopy. The chemical composition data reveal the presence of two principal production groups. The first group consists of tiles with stonepaste bodies, low lead oxide contents in the glaze (<10 wt%), and an average tin oxide content of approximately 2 wt%. The second group is characterized by lead–alkali glazes applied over ceramic bodies rich in lime and clay, indicating the use of different raw materials and technological choices. These results suggest that multiple production practices were employed during the relatively short-lived tile manufacture at Tekfur Palace. The decorative palette encompasses a wide chromatic range, including yellow, red, brown, black, blue, green, and turquoise. pXRF analyses identified the use of Naples yellow for yellow decoration, chromite–spinel mixtures or pure spinel for black areas, and cobalt ores both with and without arsenic for blue decoration. Overall, the study provides new archaeometric evidence that enhances our understanding of technological diversity in Ottoman tile production during the 18th century.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Proje Numarası

123M874

Kaynakça

  1. Agricola, G. (1556). De Re Metallica. Basel: Froben.
  2. Altun, A. (Der.). (1997). Osmanlıda Çini ve Seramik Öyküsü. İstanbul: İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası.
  3. Burlot, J., Waksman, S.Y., Bellot-Gurlet, L., ve Simsek Franci, G. (2020). The glaze production technology of an early Ottoman pottery (mid-14th (?)-16th century): The case of ‘Miletus Ware’. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. 29. 102073. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102073
  4. Colomban, P., Kırmızı, B., Simsek Franci, G. (2021). Cobalt and Associated Impurities in Blue (and Green) Glass, Glaze and Enamel:Relationships between Raw Materials, Processing, Composition, Phases and International Trade. Minerals. 11. 633. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/min11060633
  5. Geçkinli, A.E. (2001) Tekfur Sarayı Seramik Buluntularının Karakterizasyonu, İstanbul: İTÜ Araştırma Fonu Proje No:1345, 2000-2001 Dönemi Raporu.
  6. Geçkinli A.E., Göktaş, A.A., Süer, A., Yenişehirlioğlu, F. (2001) Characterization studies of late Ottoman Ceramics Recovered From Istanbul Tekfur Palace Excavations. Key Engineering Materials. 206-213. 909-912.doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.206-213.909
  7. Geçkinli, A.E. (2005) İslam Seramikleri Sır Teknolojisinin Tarihsel Gelişimi. Karasu, B., Türedi Özen, A., Soykal Alanyalı, F., Yamaçlı, R. (Der.). SERES 2005 III. Uluslararası Katılımlı Seramik, Cam, Emaye Sır ve Boya Semineri, 17-19 Ekim 2005, Eskişehir: Türk Seramik Derneği Yayını. 41-52.
  8. Geçkinli, A.E., Şimşek Franci, G. (2025) İstanbul Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Deposundaki Çinilerin Tanımlanması Nihai Proje Raporu, İTÜ Yayınevi, İstanbul, E-ISBN: 9789755617305

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Malzeme Karekterizasyonu, Malzeme Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

28 Ocak 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

20 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

12 Ocak 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Şimşek Franci, G. (2026). Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, 3(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.65774/itummej.1845905
AMA
1.Şimşek Franci G. Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. 2026;3(1):20-25. doi:10.65774/itummej.1845905
Chicago
Şimşek Franci, Gülsu. 2026. “Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry”. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering 3 (1): 20-25. https://doi.org/10.65774/itummej.1845905.
EndNote
Şimşek Franci G (01 Ocak 2026) Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering 3 1 20–25.
IEEE
[1]G. Şimşek Franci, “Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry”, ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, c. 3, sy 1, ss. 20–25, Oca. 2026, doi: 10.65774/itummej.1845905.
ISNAD
Şimşek Franci, Gülsu. “Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry”. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering 3/1 (01 Ocak 2026): 20-25. https://doi.org/10.65774/itummej.1845905.
JAMA
1.Şimşek Franci G. Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. 2026;3:20–25.
MLA
Şimşek Franci, Gülsu. “Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry”. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, c. 3, sy 1, Ocak 2026, ss. 20-25, doi:10.65774/itummej.1845905.
Vancouver
1.Gülsu Şimşek Franci. Characterization of Çeşni Tiles from the Tekfur Palace Excavations by Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. ITU Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. 01 Ocak 2026;3(1):20-5. doi:10.65774/itummej.1845905